Florence Nightingale as one of the most powerful and influential women Essay

Florence Nightingale as one of the most powerful and influential women in history - Essay Example She became one of the most powerful and influential women in history giving women the right to engage themselves to different professions through her struggles and achievements. She exemplifies the power and ability of a woman who is allowed to express her talents and unique personality and share them with the larger society. Florence Nightingale was born on "May 12th, 1820" and was named after her birthplace in Florence, Italy. She was born into a wealthy, influential and upper-class British family. Although Florence's father did not want her to pursue a career, he encouraged her to educate herself in different fields. While Florence was developing her personality as an intellectual being, she realized how dissatisfied she was as an aristocratic woman. In contrary to her mother and sister who were enjoying this lifestyle. During her time, nursing did not count as an appropriate profession for a woman of her class and background because it is a vocation meant for poorer women; even comparing it to a cook. Despite that, she still pursued to study nursing and made it clear to those around her that this was her calling. Florence's parents did not agree with the idea and expected her to make a good marriage and maintain the typical aristocratic lifestyle. However, she rebelled against her family's wishes and succeeded in her struggle to study nursing after a long endeavor considering that they had no such tradition to training women to nurture a career apart from being a wife and a mother, not to mention the defiance she showed towards the "societal code for affluent young English women."1 Florence Nightingale As a young woman, Florence quickly became a famous, eminent and heroic figure in the nursing profession. She worked hard to "educate herself in the art and science of nursing." 2 Florence Nightingale She cared mostly for the poor and became an advocate of the improvement of medical services especially those in the infirmaries. With her advocate, she gained the support of then the president of the Poor Law Board, Charles Villier. "This led to her active role on the Poor Law's, extending further beyond the provisions of the medical care." 3 Florence Nightingale She became so devoted to her profession that she did not entertain a suitor in the name of Richard Monckton Milnes, a politician and poet, certain that marriage will interfere with "her ability to follow her calling to nursing." Nightingale considered marriage as her last concern; in fact, she declined Milnes marriage proposal much to her mother's dismay. But she had a long friendship with a politician by the name of Sidney Herb ert who, at that time, was the Secretary at War (1845-1846) and became "instrumental in facilitating her pioneering work in Crimea and in the field of nursing." 4 Florence Nightingale Florence even became a "key advisor" 5 Florence Nightingale to him in his political career. This proves how she is determined to change the status of women during her time and that someone of her gender can contribute her intellectual abilities for the betterment of the society. However, the support she got from Herbert did not hold true for her family, and even created conflicts for her at home. At that point, she had no support from anyone, yet she was determined enough to remain unmarried and continue

Unwrapping Technology Essay Example for Free

Unwrapping Technology Essay Today’s educators have an endless pool of technological teaching aids at their fingertips. The Worldwide web has put teaching programs, learning apps, downloadable content, and all manner of communication at the availability of everyone. This information is readily and easily accessed. There are electronic whiteboards, video creating and editing programs, Ipads, learning games regarding all subjects, and an endless pool of help and ideas that can facilitate teaching, learning, and communication. Teachers can utilize them all to help students reach each of the standards implemented in NETS-S. The standards for this bracket include creating videos that record and document school or community functions, gather data, use digital tools and resources, use information gathering technologies, learning to identify and solve computer problems, explore curriculum from perspectives of other cultures, evaluate and determine credibility of resources, and among other things engaging in online collaborative learning projects. All standards work together to create an informed student who has the basic tools needed to become successful in a swiftly advancing technological world. Among the many standards and requirements expected to be learned by 6th-8th graders almost all of them are right on the mark and can easily be implemented in the classroom, especially number 2. Standard number 2 refers to creating animations or videos that document school or community events. This age group is constantly taking photos or videos for their own social outlets. Tapping into this type of media will be inspiring for the students and can encourage learning through a skill they enjoy and identify with. Learning through the use of technology can be a wonderful experience for students. There are many ways technology can be used to enhance lessons or engage the students, where more primitive manners of teaching such as straight lecture and note taking can be dry and quite frankly lose the interest of the students. One such tool is the electronic whiteboard. The electronic whiteboard allows the teacher to project images for their computer onto the board in the front of the class. A teacher can prepare a slide show, power point, or show movies or videos regarding the subject being taught. This can draw the attention both visual and auditory of the class. Watching a movie where a science experiment is done can be more intriguing than just listening to a speech about it. Ipads are another great tool that can be used to create an enjoyable learning experience. They can be used to play learning games or even as a manner for communication for certain handicapped students. All of the NETS-S standards and requirements are reasonable there are some that may not be implemented or may be difficult to support. For example: Creating â€Å"original animations or videos documenting school, community, or local events. (NETS-S, 2008) may be difficult if the school does not have video equipment or programs to support this type of activity. Each school will have its own set of standards and available tools that need to be taken into consideration when trying to follow standards. Teachers may have limited resources to work with but they can attempt to apply for grants from sites such as Grant Wrangler (http://grantwrangler. com/) and Teachers Count (h ttp://www. teacherscount. org/teacher/grants. shtml). The resources are out there but need to be sought out and found. The one expectation that I feel is missing from the standards are relatively fast typing skills. Typing skills can be quite a useful skill to teach and can aid students from this age group up as they begin to have more and more typed assignments given. The usage of programs such as â€Å"Word† and becoming familiar with it will also be helpful from this age all the way up to college. By giving them these two tools we are preparing them for their future. The NETS-S standards are put in place to help nurture students to evolve into capable and involved community members. The technological world we live in is changing more rapidly than ever and it is in the benefit of both student and teacher to learn and advance with the times so they can be knowledgeable and stay at the forefront of these changes. As educators it is part of our job to prepare students for their future, and much of our future lies in technology, NETS-S is helping us do that. Reference: NETS-S . Retrieved from http://www. iste. org/docs/pdfs/nets-s-2007-student-profiles-en. pdf? sfvrsn=4

Free Bluest Eye Essays - Toni Morrison Helped Me Find Myself :: Bluest Eye Essays

The Bluest Eye   - Toni Morrison Helped Me Find Myself          Toni Morrison, I owe you my deepest thanks for helping me to appreciate the image I see in the mirror, the voice I hear when I speak, and the rhythm in my step as I walk. Many attitudes remain the same as they were in my parent's youth. Some people still stare at others because they are different and some still carry hatred and anger in their hearts because another person's skin color is not the same as theirs. Yet, there are those who do not carry such hate in their hearts, but allow themselves to be influenced by the bold intimidation of those who do. Those without hate often change their personalities and ways of thinking in order to become a part of an attitude which appears to be strong. However, this hatred is based on fear, it is weak.       While reading The Bluest Eyes, a complex of emotions filled within me. I found myself putting my emotions and all of my heart into the lives of two girls, Claudia and Pecola, who both struggled to truly find themselves. Although I can not say this book and these two young girls mirror my life completely, I can say the strength found in Claudia and the wanting to be accepted in Pecola's heart was not only their own, but mine as well.    Being a black author, you forced me to relate myself to your words on a greater level than any other because of our similar skin tones and life experiences. You then caused me to ask questions about the strength of my heart, and if I could handle the pressure of never thinking I was good enough. In The Bluest Eyes, Pecola regrets the way she looks, calling herself ugly and wanting to fit in. During her tribulations, my heart yearned for some understanding of how she could not search into her own soul and find the beauty and love that was placed within. I then realized, I needed to do the same. Growing up in my neighborhood, children that shared my ancestry were very scarce. In middle school I became active in various organizations, and in high school I became a part colorguard, yet I still was not happy.

Macro-Environment Analysis of Italy and 12 C Frameworks

Executive summary The assignment starts with an introduction and Macro-environment analysis of Italy and 12 C frameworks. Macro environment is based on economic factors, social cultural forces, political and technological things that affect the organisation inside. It is important for a company to identify the possible political risk s in the country. Political risk is based on changes in the political environment that may have a direct impact on business.The political factors have influence on the tax that the business has to paid, the currency of the country and the business procedures that need to be carried out in order to be able to open a business in Italy. The economic factors are indicative of the economic stability of the country and are based on the GDP, the global rank of doing business, the influence of tourism. The social environment includes the cultural differences between Italy and the US and is based on people behaviour, the capacity to pay and the employment recruit ment process.The report shows that people have changed their habits and life style to lower-cost activities as a result of the recession. The technology factors describe the advantages of using e –marketing. The clothes/apparel market is analysed. This is an important factor as it shows who the main leaders in the market are. Porter Five Forces Module helps to identify the competition based on potential entrants, buyers power, substitutes, suppliers and competitive rivalry. The second part describes the principal challenges that the Italian market presents to the company in selling its products.The third part is about the possible entry module for Forever 21. The entry module is often selected according to the organisational development. The final part is about the marketing mix and the elements that Forever 21 needs to adapt to. List of contents page Executive summary 2 List of contents 3 Introduction 4Geographical area 4 Political factors 4-5 Economic factors 5-6 Soci al environment factors 7 Technologies factors 8-9 Foster five forces 9 Task 2 9-10 Task 3 Module entry 10-11 Task 4 Marketing mix 10-11 Bibliography 12-13 Appendix 1: Starting a business in Italy 14 Appendix 2: Business procedures 14 Appendix 3: Country comparison 14 Graph 1 Europe retail industry segment 2009 14 Graph 2 Italy Apparel industry 15 Appendix 4 Hofsteade module of culture 15 Appendix 5 Advertising media in Italy 16 Introduction Forever 21 is a fashion shop which is aimed at the 16-to 35-year-olds. The target customers are the teenagers and the young adults. The company is specialised in the retailing of clothes, footwear and accessories for women. Forever 21 is looking to open a store in Italy.To be able to do this it needs to analyse the Italian market. The use of macro environment analysis and 12 C framework will help the business decide whether or not to open a store there. Geographical area Italy has an important geo-political location. It is situated in South -Central Europe. To the North it borders with France, Switzerland, Austria and Slovenia, which means easy access in terms of doing business with these countries. It is a member of Europe Union (BBC article country profile 2011). Forever 21 can use ship vessels or air transportation to transfer their products to Italy. Political factors The Prime Minister of the country is Silvio Berlusconi.The current government of Silvio Berlusconi has a majority in Parliament, which makes it possible for him to carry out a number of reform measures and make the main decisions for the country (Data Monitor 2011). Developing close ties with theUS The Italian government has been co-operating with the US in the formulation of defense, security and peace-keeping policies. This shows that these two countries enjoy good relations. This is an advantage for Forever 21 because this company originally came from the US , so that it shouldn’t be a problem for an US Company to open a store in Italy. Curr ency The currency that is used in Italy is the Euro.This mean as that it wouldn’t be difficult for the company to exchange US dollars into Euros because Forever 21 has already had experience in this aspect in Dublin. There are various policies that need to be followed in order to sell apparel in Italy. The foreign investment laws of Italy are similar to those of other EU countries ( Datamonitor 2011). So it shouldn’t be a problem for a foreign company from any of the EU member countries to operate a business there. Taxes VAT is another important factor that any business has to face. VAT is indirect taxation which is collected for the government by the seller who is able to add percentage to the basic price of the product.Italian value-added tax (VAT) is at a standard rate of 20% which is applied on the sales value of all goods (Economic Watch 2011). VAT is payable by all manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and most service and transport businesses. Contractual obliga tion These are the procedures that need to be observed in order to start a business in Italy. The normal commission that needs to be paid is a deposit of 25% of the amounts contributed in cash with a bank. The other thing is to pay a government grant tax to the post Office which costs 310 euro and finally register online with the Register of Enterprises. Appendix 1 shows that Italy is ranked on 68-th place in starting a business.Appendix 2 shows the business procedures, times and days that have to be observed. Economic factors Since 2008, the country has been under the influence of the global recession. The economic record shows a negative growth rate of -1%. The recession has had a negative impact on the country by declining exports and reducing consumer spending. In 2010, the economy showed some signs of recovery based on the GDP growing at a rate of 0. 6 compared to -1% in 2008. In 2011, the economy expects to rise by 1 % ( Datamonitor 2011). Appendix 3 shows that Italy is ranked on 8-th place with relation to GDP. â€Å"The Economy Set to Go from Worse to Bad†. This means the economy doing well, it has managed to recover after the recession.Italy has been playing a significant role in the world economy and is one of the founding members of the EU community. It is the seventh largest economy in the world and the fourth in Europe in terms of GDP, which stood at $1. 11 trillion in 2009 (Datamonitor 2011). This can serve as evidence that the country has a good economic stability. The World Economic Forum (WEF) and the Global Competitiveness Report for 2010/2011 ranked Italy 48th out of 139 countries. As a world seventh largest economy, located within the European Union, there is a strong competition for a market share in all Italian industries and service sectors. This means it could be difficult for Forever 21 to deal with the high competition.The World Bank’s Doing Business Report 2011 ranked Italy 80th out of 183 countries. This shows that the re are good conditions for doing business there. The high ranking includes the legal environment for businesses and the easy way that a business may be formed and operated in the country. Tourim The country’s main economic sectors are tourism, fashion, motor vehicles and food. Tourism is one of the fastest growing and profitable sectors of the country: with 43. 7  million international tourist arrivals and total receipts estimated at $42. 7  billion, Italy is the fourth highest tourism earner and the fifth most visited country in the world (BBC country report 2011). This makes tourism a big contributor to Italy’s economy.This intensive tourism is an advantage for Forever21 because tourists could be some of their customers, taking into consideration that lower-price items are offered by the company. If the company attracts tourists as buyers, this will facilitate its popularity because more people may hear about this brand and thus make it easily recognised around t he world. The Italian economy is separated into a developed industrial North, dominated by private companies and a less developed South. Italy's northern region is the richest and one of the most expensive in Europe, while the southern region is known as the â€Å"Mezzogiorno†, where there is high unemployment. This means it may benefit the company if it opens a store in the southern parts.This will create job opportunities for unemployed people and the costs of operating the business should be less expensive in this area (World Fact Book 2011). It is very important for a business to carefully choose the location because on it will depend how profitable and successful this business can be in future. Comparatively high tax The tax rates in Italy are very high. The local tax rate is 3. 9%, this making the effective tax rate 31. 4% which is higher than the other EU countries where the average is 25. 04% ( Datamonitor 2011). This means that when the company opens a store in Italy it will have to pay higher taxes than in other EU countries. Social and environment factors CultureCulture has an important impact on how effectively the organisation operates and has an important implication as to employee motivation. Culture can differ from business to business. Failures can increase significantly when dealing with people whose values, beliefs, customs and first language are different from your own (Hoecklin 1995). However, if a company can manage amidst different cultural environments, this could lead to innovative business practices faster and provide tangible benefits which can be used competitively. It is important for Forever 21 to identify the cultural differences between the US and Italy in order to be successful with the business. Hofsteade 1995 module helps to analyse the differences based onPower Distance, Long Term Orientation, Individualism, Masculinity and Uncertainty Avoidance. In Appendix 4, it is shown that the US have high rank on Individualism, which means that in a business perspective an organisation is not expected to look after its employees – rather the employees are expected to defend their own interests. Italy has a high rank on Uncertainty avoidance, which means that Italians are less risk-taking people. These are some aspects that are specific for the Italian culture. The official language that is spoken there is Italian. It will be difficult to start a business in Italy if you don’t know the Italian language (Hofsteade1984).According to Lewis analysis, the saying ’’Time is money† is not a popular phrase in Italy. They do not make business decisions quickly, they do take their time. All foreign businesses should be aware of the fact that it could take longer time before they come to a decision. Italy has developed a reputation for producing high quality luxury goods. Fashion and fashion designs are trademarks of Italy. Therefore, in the business world, good clothes are a signature of success (Hofsteade 1984). This is based on consumer behavior analysis. That brand loyalty exists is a fact. This shows that Forever21 clothes may not be very successful in the Italian market.However, the recession has affected the consumer habits, as the Italian economy has been slow to recover and the unemployment rate continued to rise from 6. 2% in 2007 to 8. 4% in 2010. Appendix 3 shows that the country takes the 98-th place in terms of high unemployment and that there is 1. 4% inflation. Opening a store there would create job opportunities. Capacity to pay Italians have adapted their habits and lifestyles to lower-cost activities during the economic downturn, which benefited supermarkets or hypermarkets (The World Fact Book 20110). In 2010, consumers became more price sensitive, in both the grocery and non-grocery channels. This is an example of switching costs, it means consumers are able to transfer their customs to new players.Employment recruitment process Hiring employ ees in Italy must be taken into account before starting a business. You must enter into a contract under the Italian Labor Law and employees enjoy extensive rights. If you buy an existing business, you may be required to take on existing staff who cannot be dismissed, otherwise high redundancy compensation have to be paid. It’s very expensive to hire employees, because, in addition to salaries, you must pay an additional amount of around 50% in social security contributions, 13 and possibly 14 months’ salary, five or six weeks paid annual holiday, plus pay for public holidays, sickness, maternity (Datamonitor 2011).This shows that hiring employees in Italy will be more expensive than in the other EU countries in which Forever 21 has already opened stores. Technologies Internet retailing experienced the highest value growth of all retail channels in 2010. A significant proportion of sales shifted from store-based to Internet retailing. The main underlying reason for thi s was that the Internet is still considered as a low-price retail channel, based on fact that Internet retailing enjoys the lowest travel and transport cost, and allows price comparisons between many competitors (Euromonitor 2010). The benefit of using e-marketing in selling goods and services online allows you to enter the global market and is saving you money in terms of overhead charges (Gaudin 2002).A well designed website with friendly pages may persuade users. Forever 21. com is an example of a well designed web-site. It is divided into various sections, according to the items that the company sells, such as shoes, dresses, featured items, sales, accessories, etc. This makes it easy and quick for customers to find what they are looking for (Forever21). Choices It is important for the company to analyse the clothes market for this will help the business identify how risky it may be to open a store there. The retail industry includes all menswear, women’s wear and childre n wear such as: tops, underwear, coach, jeans, jackets, dresses and skirts for girls.Graph1 shows that Italy holds 17. 4% of the clothes market. This grants the country the second place in Europe in the retail industry, after Germany which has 19. 5%. The European apparel industry is an important economic factor, based on trade, employment, investment and revenue all over the world (Dtamonitor 2010). Concentration – Market value Women’s wear is the largest segment of the apparel retail industry in Italy, accounting for 54. 9% of the market value in comparison with men’s wear, which has 31. 7% ( Datamoninor 2010) – see Graph 2. This means women buy more clothes than men do. This is a good factor for Forever 21 because their products are not targeted at men.The retail industries in Italy have declined in 2008 and are expected to recover over 2011 (Datamonitor 2010 ). This is a result from the recession – as consumers’ incomes fail, they have l ess money to spend on clothes than before. There will be a growing demand for discount apparel retail stores that provide low-cost output fashion. Porter five forces module can help identify the degree of competition based on potential entrants, buyers power, substitutes, suppliers and competitive rivalry. This analysis will reduce the risk of high competition by identifying the competitors strategies for the future. Forever21 can apply some of these strategies and use them in their own business. SuppliersKey suppliers in this industry are clothing manufacturers and wholesalers, with retailers able to source from both. There is a risk of choosing low chain supplier such as it may not be able to deal with changes in demand, industry, changing in fashion as well. Substitutes While there are no substitutes for women’s wear, they are alternatives to retail. These include buying directly from manufacturers as opposed to the conventional distribution chain, something which is facil itated by the growth of online sales. All major women’s wear retailers now have their own online store so many people prefer to buy products online. This has increased the buyers power on the market (Dunning 2008).This is a good factor because Forever 21 has their own website where people can shop online. Retail The retailer strategy is based on price by providing low-cost products during the recession period. This is their strategy, to recognise the price sensitivity of their target customers and compete on price selling clothes as cheap as possible and as other suppliers. Buyers All buyers are individual consumers who have different styles and preferences. Buyer behaviour plays an important role for customer choice based on different factors such as: home-made clothing, different colours, brand loyalty, price , designer label, quality, supply reliability, fashion, culture, believes, friends and family influence.Competitors These are some of the main players in the retail in dustries in Italy that will have a direct influence to Forever21 in terms of price, similar target audience and products. These companies also have their own web-sites where customers are able to shop online. These are famous brands companies that sell quality clothes for the young audience. H&M Strengths H&M is a retailer which is targeting its products at women, men, teenagers and children. The company offers national brands and private label merchandise in many categories, including cosmetics, accessories and footwear. H&M operated 1,738 stores in 33 countries in November 2008.H&M adopted the concept of regional grouping with purchases and distributes the merchandise to a region. Their strategies involved transferring the central design, buying, logistics and stock-keeping functions to the new company. The company also has its own web-site where customers are able to shop online, to see what’s new in a store, compare prices, etc. Weaknesses: There is a high competition as companies such as TopShop, Bershka and Terranova are famous brands that sell similar products on the Italian market and are based on fashion, quality price and the same target audience. The weaknesses for Forever 21 will be the same. Strengths: Industria S. A. s created from various different companies, including Zara, Bershka, Pull and Bear, Massimo Dutti, Stradivarius. All of these companies have a similar culture. All of them are in the clothes industry. However, these companies don’t have a direct competition between each other because their product style is differs from one another. Breshka clothes are cheap and their audience is the 16-to-25-year age group. Zara is more specialised in the young professionals group. Zara is present in 73 countries, with a network of 1,341 stores located in major cities. Bershka sales format has 626 stores in 41 countries. Bershka stores are large and spacious. All of these companies produce quality clothes and follow the latest trends in fashion (Mintel 2011). Task 2The analysis of the retail clothes industry on Italy shows that it will be advantageous for the company to open a store there. The key elements of the research are the strong economic stability of the country, the high tourism, the technologies factors and the place that the Italian market for clothes occupies in Europe. The country has managed to recover from the big recession since 2008. This is an advantage for any foreign business that would like to invest in Italy. There are good conditions of doing business there. The market value shows that the women dominate in the clothes market. The women retail market has 61. 3% of the total market by selling clothes and accessories (Datamonitor 2010). There is a monopolistic competition within the clothes retailers.This means many firms sell products that are similar but not identical based on brand, quality, designer†¦ The environment factors show that consumers have adapted their lifestyle to discount retailers. It will be an advantage for the country to have a retailer of non-designer women’s wear, especially for customers with lower disposable incomes. The good relations between the US and Italy also plays an important role for opening a business in Italy. The Italian government has played an important role in the industry by attracting foreign investments to the country through low-barriers entry. It is said in the report that the government uses similar restrictions as are used in Europe.The Italian government welcomes foreign investments in most industries especially when they create jobs. All factors show that it will be challenging for the company to open a store in Italy and adapt to the Italian culture. But then, isn’t doing a business a challenge in itself! Task 3 – Module entry International Franchising is the possible module entry to Italy that is appropriate for the company based on all factors described in the report. The Franchising method wil l be easy to transfer to foreign locations. The licensing agreement and franchising agreement are put on formal contract with typical terms. ’’ Franchising is a method of distributing goods and services by licensing a business idea or concept to another. ’ (Amerilawyer 2011) International Franchising is a faster form of international business. A firm sells limited rights to the use of its brand name to a foreign firm in return for a sum payment and share of 50% of the profits. There are a lot of advantages of using the franchise. The Franchise can establish a well know product and operating system, good reputation, support services and it can expand internationally. The Franchise will reduce the risk and cost of module entry and easier time securing financing because the Franchisor typically has an established trademark and good marketplace experience. These are the reasons why Forever 21 should take it into consideration.The franchise also involves some local m arket customs and culture from the host country (Griffin and Pustay 2010). However, there are some disadvantages of the franchising agreement such as the profit needs to be shared, there is dependence on the licensee as to how to sell the products including policies, potential loss of control of manufacturing and marketing. The Franchisor controls any advertising conducted by the Franchisee. Task 4 – Marketing Mix The Marketing Mix includes Product, Price, Promotion and Place. In order to achieve their marketing objectives, Forever 21 needs to have a strategy that includes different elements – the various parts of the marketing mix. ProductClothes normally have short life cycle based on seasonal factors and fashion. The brand is very successful and well known in the US. However, it will be new for the Italian market. It may take a long time for the company to create a strong brand name there. According to Lynch 1994, it will take it at least five years to establish a b rand and short-term reimbursement should not be expected. The brand is an important part of any business because this is the thing that makes the products different from the competitors’ and are easy to be recognised as a design and a way to an established product position in the market. This makes it easy to buy or sell products.A strong brand speaks about the function and charter of the product and helps consumers decide whether this is their kind of product, specially when new and untried products are considered. Creating brand loyalty and creating something special to consumers mind makes it difficult for the competitors to â€Å"touch it† (Brassington and Pettitt 2007). The Italian culture shows that quality plays an important part in the consumer behavior in Italy. It will be an advantage for the company to improve the quality of its products in the first stage and, on the next stage it may increase the price so that it may compete on the Italian market with othe r companies. Using sales advisor will be another advantage which could make more people prefer to go shopping in the Forever 21 stores. PricingPricing is an important part of the Marketing Mix because it is a balance between serving to customer’s needs and wants and serving the needs of the organisation to cover its costs of manufacturing, marketing and making a profit. The company is famous with the fact that it produces clothes that are not expensive and many people can afford them. The environment factors show that consumers in Italy are prepared to pay more but to wear quality clothes. The company has to come with pricing strategies to increase the price of the products and create better quality or to keep the same as it is now. The choice of a launch price should take into account the future plans for the pricing and positioning of the product. Penetration pricing is one of the possible price strategies that Forever 21 may use.Penetration pricing is used when entering a big market for a short period of time and then the organisation may price aggressively below the existing competition. However, this method could be a risky strategy because it could establish a poor quality brand image. The latter may lead to a situation where it will be difficult to raise the price (Brassington and Petitt 2007). The company may consider using 20% discounts for students because their target audience is based on young people. This will surely attract more customers. Promotion The power of the media has a big influence on building a brand. Brand advertising may increase the buyer power. These are some of the leading media groups in Italy: Mediaset is one of the leading commercial television operators with 32. % of the Italian media; Gruppo Editoriale L'Espresso has 14. 0%. These companies are concentrated on publishing, radio, advertising, internet businesses and national television, newspapers and magazines (Datamonitor 2011). Appendix 5 shows that people in Italy a re more influenced by the TV adverts and newspapers. This means it will be a good idea if Forever 21 uses TV commercials to advertise the opening of the new store in Italy. However, this is the most expensive method and will cost a lot of money to the business. Using online advertising will help the company attract the right audience by using Facebook, Yahoo! and MSN because these web-pages are part of everyday life of the young people. PlaceThe company has to decide in which part of Italy it would be feasible to locate the store, in the North or the South. Most businesses are located in the northern region. However the company has to find a big place with an average area of 5,000 sq. m. This will be very expensive in the North and could be difficult for the company to afford it. For this reason, the company may open an out- of- town store, which would be cheaper than the town centre location and also could offer a big parking facility for the customers. A product sold out- of- town is likely to be cheaper than in a store located in the town centre. Bibliography Amerilawyer(2011)Franchise agreement (Internet)Available from: http://www. amerilawyer. om/agreements/agreementindex/assetpurchase/franchise. htm Access on 17 April 2011 Brassington,F and Pettitt,S(2007)Essential of Marketing:, 2nd edition Personal Education Limited april,p242 Datamonitor (2009) Europe retail industry segment (Internet) Available from www. Datamonitor. om Access on 15 April 2011 Datamonitor(2010) Italy apparel retail industry(Internet )Available from www,Datamonitor. com Access on 15 April 2011 Datamonitor(2011) Italy Country analysis report In-depth PESTLE Insights(Internet)Available from www. Datamonitor. com Access on 16 April 2011 Doing Business( 2011) Italy making a difference for entrepreneurs (Internet )Available from http://www. doingbusiness. rg/~/media/fpdkm/doing%20business/documents/profiles/country/db11/ita. pdf Access on 13 April 2011 Dunning, J. H. , Lundan, S. M. (2008) Multinational Enterprises and the Global Economy 2nd edition, Edward Elgar: Cheltenham Hoecklin L. (1995) Managing Cultural Differences. Stage for Competitive Advantage. addison-Wesley Publishers Hofsteade G. (1984) Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work Related Values. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications Gaudin,S. (2002)’The Site of No Return’, (Internet) Available from www. cyberatlas. internet. com Access on 5 January 2011 Griffin W and Pustay. W( 2010)International business Global Edition 6th edition Personal EducationEconomic watch (2011) Value Added tax, (Internet) Available from http://www. economywatch. com/business-and-economy/italy. html Access on 10 April 2011 European country( 2011) Italy (internet)Available from http://europa. eu/abc/european_countries/eu_members/italy/ Access on 11 April 2011 Euromonitor International( 2011) Retailing in Italy Available from http://www. euromonitor. com/retailing-in-italy/report Access on 14 April 2011 International VAT service(2011) Italian VAT (Internet)Available from http://www. tmf-vat. com/vat/italian-vat. html Access on 12 April 2011 Lynch ,R(1994)European Business Strategies: The European and Global Strategies of Europe’s Top Companies,Kogan pageMintel Global Market navigator (2010) Italy – Advertising: Market segmentation by value (Internet)Available at www. Mintel. com Access on 17/04/2011 The world bank doing business (2011) Ease of Doing Business in Italy (Internet) Available from http://www. doingbusiness. org/ExploreEconomies/? economyid=96 Access on 10 April 2011 Worldwide tax (2011) Italy VAT ant other tax (Internet)Available from http://www. worldwide-tax. com/italy/ita_other. asp Access on 13 April 2011 The world fact book (2011)Europe Italy( Internet)Available from https://www. cia. gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/it. html Access on 15April 2011 Appendix 1Start a business |Doing Business 2011 rank | |Starting a busi ness |68 | |Register property |95 | |Getting credit |89 | |Paying taxes |128 | (Doing business 2011) Appendix2 Business procedures |Procedure number |6 |days |6 | |Cost of income per capital |18. 5% | |Paid minimum capital |10. 1% | Appendix 3 Country Comparison |Rate2010 |Country comparison | |GPD 1. 1 |8 | |Unemployment rate 8. |98 | |Public debit 118. 1% |8 | |Inflation1. 4% |36 | Graph1 . Europe retail industry segment 2009 [pic](Datamonitor 2009) Graph 2 Italy apparel retail industry [pic] (apparel retail in Italy Datamonitor 2010) Appendix 4 Hofsteade module of culture differences [pic] Appendix 5 Advertising media [pic] (Mintel Global Market Navigator 2010) Segment 2009 (m EUR)

Political Science and Federal Bureaucracy Essay

Develop a detailed outline of your second main point. (For assistance with your writing skills, check out the Ashford Writing Center at https://awc.ashford.edu/essay-dev-essay-structure.html) 1. Federal Policies: a. Provide a topic sentence that briefly describes one advantage and one disadvantage to a national policy that must be implemented by one agency of the federal bureaucracy. One advantage of a policy that must be implemented by one agency of the federal bureaucracy is the actual federal experts in the bureaucracy. The people set up the policy know much more about the issues than the president and this creates bureaucracy power. One disadvantage is that at any time the president can rearrange the organization chart of the bureaucracy. b. Provide a topic sentence that recommends one option to maintain the advantage and one to improve the disadvantage. One option to maintain the advantage is to keep the detail of the policy inside the bureaucracy. The less the president knows about the issue, the more the bureaucracy has control of the issue. One way to improve the disadvantage is implement order. The reorganization should be authorized through congress. 2. Scholarly Support: (For assistance with your research see the Tutorials provided by Ashford University’s Library at http://library.ashford.edu/tutorials.aspx, the APA Style Aid at https://www.wou.edu/provost/library/clip/apa/, and for Annotated Bibliographies at https://awc.ashford.edu/tocw-sample-annotated-bibliography.html for additional help) a. Provide two credible sources in APA format to support your main points. O’CONNELL, A. J. (2014). BUREAUCRACY AT THE BOUNDARY. University Of Pennsylvania Law Review, 162(4), 841-927 Scholz, J. T., Twombly, J., & Headrick, B. (1991). Street-Level Political Controls Over Federal Bureaucracy. The American Political Science Review, (3). 829 b. Briefly discuss how these sources support your main points. Both articles provide a vast amount of detailed information on what the president can and cannot control in the bureaucracy. Also it provides information on their limitations as well as to why they generate polices. c. Briefly evaluate your sources for bias, validity, and reliability. Both sources have been reviewed for bias, validity and reliability. The source were found on Ashford’s peer scholarly reviewed sources in the library which makes them credible.

Brently Mallard Essays

Brently Mallard Essays Brently Mallard Paper Brently Mallard Paper â€Å"The Story of an Hour† written by Kate Chopin, is a short story about a woman named Louise Mallard and her reaction to the news that her husband has died. This news is brought to Mrs. Mallard from her sister, Josephine. Mrs. Mallard does not know how to react at first, and decides to have some time alone in her room. Inside the room, she feels lots of emotions such as sadness, happiness, that come together and ultimately she smiles. However, because of so much excitement, she could feel her heart pumping so fast that at the end of the story when Mr. Mallard enters the house, she dies because of a heart attack according to the doctor. Chopin successfully describes her actions and emotions with very vivid descriptions throughout the entire story. The sad, relief, happy emotions that Mrs. Mallard felt were thanks to his husband death, because his death meant finding independence from him. His role as a character is very significant for this story to continue; and thus I would like furthermore focus on his role and function in this short story. Even though he does not appear until the end, Mr. Mallard plays a very important role in this short story. The reason for all the chaos and all Mrs. Mallard’s emotions is because of the news that her husband is presumed dead. His ‘death’ was the primary source of the development of this story. Moreover, Mr. Mallard represents a middle social class in the 19th century. His family and he himself were definitely not working class, and this is suggested in the story through the expensive objects in the house. They had lots of windows, chairs with cushions, and a door that could be opened with a latchkey, and could even afford to call doctors. He could afford everything a married couple needed, but why would someone who had him as a husband feel so free after hearing the news of his death? Mrs. Mallard needed and wanted some freedom in her life. She was tired of pretending to be a woman who devotes herself to her husband, she wanted a life of her own; do whatever she felt like doing. Consequently, she became so happy after learning that her husband has passed away that even she died of â€Å"heart disease-of joy that kills† according to the doctors. This was the case for many women during this period. According to a website about Chopin’s works and biography, this story was originally published as â€Å"The Dream of an Hour† in 1894. The reason why the word ‘dream’ was changed to ‘story’ might be because this kind of story could only happen to a few people in the late 19th century. However since liberty for women started to increase, this once called ‘dream’ turned into ‘reality’ and thus, into a story. One other interpretation of the role of the husband in the short story is that Mr. Mallard can be seen as society itself and society’s expectations. His wife, Mrs. Mallard, represents individuals who have been so oppressed by society that this oppression later on comes to be a disease that is carried for the rest of their lives. Comparing these characters with a society and the people living in it, these individuals are not able to live alone when they want to break out of society (shown through the death of Mrs. Mallard). Humans are beings that cannot survive alone; and thus, we need a group of people, a society. Nevertheless, we always have something to complain about in the society we live in. Chopin lived in an age where women and men had clear roles in society. Men were the ones who worked and financially supported the family; middle class women supported the family by staying at the house, taking care of the kids, doing the laundry, etc. Women in the 19th century could not even dream about studying for a high degree or even having a job outside the house. It was a male-based society and because of this, the boom of feminist people began to rise. Chopin thus successfully expressed women’s feelings through her literary work, â€Å"The Story of an hour†. Bibliography Koloski, Bernard. Kate Chopin The Story of an Hour: When The Story of an Hour was written and published. KateChopin. org. Kate Chopin International Society, 1 Oct. 2011. katechopin. org/the-story-of-an-hour. shtml#characters. 14 Oct. 2011.

Explain potential hazards and the harm that will arise from each in a health and social care setting Essays

Explain potential hazards and the harm that will arise from each in a health and social care setting Essays Explain potential hazards and the harm that will arise from each in a health and social care setting Essay Explain potential hazards and the harm that will arise from each in a health and social care setting Essay Fellowship is a private childrens house centre based in the Newham borough and they provide care and accommodation for children from six months to five years old with working and studying family members. This organisation has been put forward to help families in the local community as they provide ten hours of care from Monday to Friday. Within this setting there are a number of health, security and safety hazards that can occur, such as: Security Fellowship has rules and regulations that need to be followed to ensure the safety of the children in their care is met. For example If a baby gate is left open and unsupervised it could lead to a child crawling out, which cause lead to the child physically hurting/harming themselves. All visitors, workers and parents buzz in at the front entrance and they are let in without any questions asked, as long they sign in they are allowed to access all areas of the centre. This could lead to individuals coming into who may cause harm to workers and other visitors. It is important for professionals to be aware of children’s parent to ensure the children go home with the right people and if they are getting picked up by anyone besides the parents the centre needs to be informed in advance to ensure security and safety to the children. The children centre will need to be informed if there is a restraining order against one of the parents to prevent any harm to the child. sign-rite.co.uk/content/images/cctv.jpg Safety Within the children centre a risk assessment needs to be carried out as there are different types of hazards that may occur. For example children usually go out to play after the rain has stopped, leaving the climbing frames, slides etc. wet and slippery which can potentially lead to children slipping off playground facilities causing harm to themselves. Because of this safeguarding will need to be promoted to prevent children from hurting, bruises, head bumps and fractures etc. During meal time there are usually food and drinks dropped on the floor/tables by the children which staff need to be aware of to ensure it is cleaned to prevent risks from happening to both the children and staff as they may slip on spilt drinks and food on the floor. There are four fire exists within the centre. The fire exist nearest to the main hall is blocked with delivery stocked boxes and other items. This may put children, workers and visitors in danger as the main hall is used regularly and it will be the fastest way out. Health Staff need to aware of the food policy which comes from the Food Safety Act, it also covers food hygiene to ensure all children’s individual medical status and their culture religions are met as it will give them a heads up on what the children can and cannot eat. If a child with an allergic reaction is given something they are allergic to, it can cause the child to become poorly depending on the intake amount and speed the child can get professional help. Children who are not attending the day centre because of illnesses such as chickenpox, head lice, measles and food poisoning or other illnesses/bugs will need to be recorded by staff in the incident and accident book and it needs to be reported to the manager as she will need to inform other parents so they are aware and they can get their children checked in advance.