Kibera Slum

Kibera Case Study:- [pic] Kibera is a slum divsion in the City of Nairobi, Kenya. It is located 5 kilometres from the city centre. It is the largest slum in Nairobi and the second largest in Africa. A 2009 population and housing survey reported that Kibera’s population as 170,070. It is hard to acccurately compute the population due to the fact that the slum hasnt been officially reconised by the Kenyan government. Furthermore because it is a slum, residents may not be able to read or write, so filling in censes are a problem. General Facts:- |Population |700-900k | |Distance from Nairobi |7 km | |Physical size (acres) |~630 | |Portion of people earning 15% | |Est. AIDS orphans |>50,000 | |Portion of people renting |93% | |Avg. monthly rent |$15USD | |Avg. # rooms per dwelling |1. 11 | |Typical room size |9†² x 9†² | It is a place where the people who live there face innumerable challenges, including the following, to name a few†¦ †¢ Living in one-room houses made of mud, with tin roofs with about 1m? of space per person. †¢ No running water (most water has to be purchased from brokers) †¢ Little to no access to electricity †¢ Widespread unemployment and low wage-earning rates (< $1 a day for the majority) †¢ Rampant disease, from malaria to cholera to HIV †¢ Lack of ownership of their property Improvements:- After a decade or so there has been an increase in efforts to improve conditions. The most notable example is KENSUP, or the Kenya Slum Upgrading Project, which is sponsored by UN-HABITAT. Resulting from a 2000 meeting between President Moi and the UN Human Settlements Programme, KENSUP aims to improve physical structures in Kibera and other slums through a process called â€Å"slum upgrading. † The program calls for the temporary relocation of residents of Kibera to adjacent â€Å"decanting sites,† allowing the construction of permanent dwellings to proceed in the Kiberan villages. Work has commenced in the Soweto East village, and as of September 2009, the first decanting site was under construction. Kibera needs land/tenancy rights, housing, water, electricity, health clinics, education, employment, security plus much more. All these issues are being addressed to a lesser or greater extent by many organizations including the Churches, UN-Habitat, MSF, AMREF etc. Money is finding its way through from many international organizations including Gates Foundation, Bill Clinton Foundation, all the well known charities and of course the churches both in Africa and internationally.

Bhakti Yoga

There are four goals in the traditional Hinduism. These four goals cover life viewed as good and life seen as bad. Three of these goals appeal to the positive things in life, such as, Dharma or righteousness, Artha or achievement, and Kama or gratification. The fourth goal which is the Moksha or liberation is aimed at the negative things. The three affirmation goals can all be sought at the same time or one at a time, as each may be appropriate at certain periods in one’s life. Hinduism prescribes four paths towards the Divine destiny.These paths may lead to a good life, oneness with the divine, liberation from life, or the fulfillment of any or all of the four goals. The paths are called Yoga. Yoga is a set of disciplines that must be carried out by followers who wished to take these paths. Yoga is like a yoke or a load around the neck or shoulders which is heavy but necessary to reach the destiny or the realization of goals. The different paths or yoga are, Inana or the way towards the ultimate knowledge, Bhakti or the path to loving or devotion to God, Karma or the way to undo the reaction to deeds in life, and the Raja or the royal path to meditation.The Inana, Bhakti and Karma are contained in Bhagavad-Gita while Raja is in Yoga Sutra. Both the Bhagavad-Gita and the Yoga Sutra are spiritual teachings that help explain the divine world. The Bhakti Yoga is the path to the immaculate devotion to and absolute loving of God. In Sanskrit it means the overpowering, generous and joyful love for God. The follower is focused on God by expressions of love and actions of worship. The devotion is strong and faithful like a lover to the beloved, a parent to his child.The Bhakti-Rasamrita-Sindhu of Rupa Gosvami enumerates the nine forms of the path, which are: chant, praise, reflection, service, prayers, preaching, relationship, and surrender. Keeping them all or even one is enough for a devotee to experience the love of God. The objective of this love and devotio n is to get close to God. Depending on their attitudes, Bhakti is taken differently by its followers. For some, it is the initial step leading to Inana. On the contrary, others believe it to be higher than Inana.Others think all of them are equal. Bhagavad Gita is considered the pillar as well as the foundation of Hindu Bhakti theism particularly in Vaishnavism. It has a long list of religious and philosophical affiliations but is partial to Krishna devotees. According to Krishna love, pure intention and utmost devotion is the most powerful driving force in the spiritual life of a devotee. Most Bhakti movements worship only one God, Vishnu or Shiva. They came after the three Vedanta systems were put in place.These Bhakti movements reinvigorated Hinduism because they filled in the emotional and philosophical void of India. The intensity of expression of Bharatanatyam had the most influence in the great changes in Hindu prayers and rituals since the time of Adi Shankaracharya. There h ad been other noted contributions of Bhakti movements in Indian history. Their schools of Philosophy have changed the beliefs of people. Bhakti taught the people to channel their emotions to the direction of God in the process of self-actualization.The Hindus from the orthodox Brahaminical systems denounced the caste system. Bhakti’s call for tolerance and love were not listened to by those deeply-rooted in the caste structure of society. Bhakti was responsible for the mass production of devotional materials in literature, art, music and dance that has enriched the culture not only of India but also of the entire world. This gave spiritual renewal by giving up insignificant rituals and social demarcation, to India References SanatanSociety. org (2008). Bhakti Yoga. Retrieved June 14, 2008 fromhttp://www. sanatansociety. org/yoga_and_meditation/bhakti_yoga. htm ISKCON Educational Services (2004). The Heart of Hinduism. Introduction to the Four Main Parts. Retrived June 14, 200 8 from http://hinduism. iskcon. com/practice/index. htm Hinduism: Living the Religious Life. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://uwacadweb. uwyo. edu/Religionet/er/hinduism/HRLIFE. HTM The Yoga Centre Glasgow (2007). Bhakti Yoga. Yogi Nirmalendu. Kundalini Shakti Page. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://www. yoginirmalendu. com/Types_Of_Yoga/Bhakti_Yoga/Bhakti_Yoga. html

XBUS Quail Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

XBUS Quail - Assignment Example It was on March 18th 2011 at approximated time of 8:30 in the morning. There were two officers: Officers 4 and Officer 3, who were on their assignment at a subway station in Manhattan on West 72nd street. They came across five teenage boys shoving one another at about ten yards away near the subway platform that was crowded with many people. The two officers walked towards to five boys where Officer 3 shouted at the five boys telling them to stop the shoving of one another but they went on with the shoving. When the other officer approached, he yelled, â€Å"Freeze, if you know what is good for you.† When the teenagers received the caution from Officer 3, they stopped shoving one another and they began talking to the other officer. There was a woman, 42 year-old, Ms. Smith who was standing at the subway platform got curious of the activities of the officers and the boys. She tapped Officer 3 on his shoulder and then asked the officer why they were disturbing the boys. He turne d around and said, â€Å"Back off or I’ll take you in too.   I’m busting my ass to save your ass.† Officer Four came to Ms. Smith and Officer 3 after speaking to the five boys. When he noticed the Ms. Smith was questioning his fellow officer, Officer 4 said, â€Å"We don’t need this type of crap.   Let’s go.† It was then when Ms. Smith recorded their budge numbers and their names on her cell phone when the two officers walked away as they continued with their patrol. After all this, it was then when Ms. Smith filed her complaint with the Civilian Complaint Review Board (CCRB). On her complaint, she stated that both the officers were discourteous. She also stated that Officer 3 had threatened to arrest her. She claimed that she believed the two officers had questioned and stopped the teenagers since they were Hispanic and black and there were other reason for bothering them. After being

Non3 Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Non3 - Case Study Example The justice system should be cautious when dealing with terrorism cases because most of them pose legal and practical challenges because they have no precedents. In some instances, the criminal justice system has been criticized because it is susceptible to errors such as being too fast or too slow or sometimes providing harsh or lenient punishments. The evolution of statues and courtroom procedures has exhibited a flexible justice system that can be able to deal with the rising unique case of terrorism. The rising cases of terrorism have given rise to the ethical and legal dilemma of whether to use federal courts or military tribunals. In the United States, jurisdiction of military commissions is limited to time of war and only offenses recognized under the law of war are tried. This poses challenges while using the commissions because given the complexity of terrorist activities, some offenses are not recognized under the law of war. Additionally, only aliens are permitted to be tr ied in accordance to the Military Commissions Act. The federal judiciary on the other hand, is a separate branch of the federal government, which is autonomous from the executive and legislative branches charged with the responsibility of interpreting law and deciding disputes that arise under it. Using the federal court has many advantages. Using the United States federal courts shows that United States takes its obligations seriously regarding the anti-terrorism conventions since it has always been at the forefront advocating for implementation of anti-terrorism conventions that requires states to prosecute terrorists in national courts. Using the federal courts guarantees use of the due process rights thus ensuring a fair trial. However, there are disadvantages of using the federal courts. Federal criminal trial of foreigners especially the Islamic terrorist could turn political leading to demonstrations against the United States which could cause security risk for the trial itse lf. The burden of proof in a terrorist trial is usually high and may hinder efforts to bring suspects to justice and this means that a suspect may get freedom more easily in a federal courtroom than in a foreign or international courtroom (Zabel & Benjamin, 2008). Incarceration of terrorist suspects has also raised a heated debate in the United States. Incarceration, which is mainly used as a punishment for a crime serves several purposes that include isolating criminals to prevent further crimes, punishing criminals, deterring others from committing the same crimes and rehabilitating the criminals. However, when suspects are incarcerated for long, it raises questions whether the rule of law is being applied effectively. This further puts doubt in delivery of justice because of the delays in delivering since access to justice is a mutually reinforcing component of the rule of law. States strive to implement the rule of law and therefore, more attention should be given towards achiev ing the rule of law. A poorly functioning justice system allows crime thus demeaning the essence of the rule of law. Progress in security, governance, economic development, and social well being are dependent on a good rule of law system, which is the foundation for economic and political success. The legal dilemma, which encompasses

Case study- Word Processing Support in a Government Agency Essay

Case study- Word Processing Support in a Government Agency - Essay Example Equipment upgrades was a viable solution, but the department received additional funding to purchase new equipment for one worker. Another way to solve the problem was hiring new employees. The agency approved the creation of two new positions for the department, but there are governmental constraints that freeze the hiring of new employees for 6 months. It is the job of the manager to find immediate solutions to increase the productivity of its work staff. In order to increase the productivity the manager has to utilize sound human resource principles to instill motivation in his current staff. Jack is the most experienced worker on the staff. His production has always been averaged. Past events have contributed to Jack’s lack of motivation. He feels he was passed up for management position years ago when the current manager and he were on the same career path. This conflict needs a resolution in order to increase the value of Jack contribution and allow this valuable asset to achieve his potential. An intervention with a professional consoler in with the participation of Jack and the manager could help resolved this past conflict. One resolve Jack could be given a higher leadership role in the team in order to motivate Jack to produce more. Dianne is a member of the staff that is currently an obvious weakness due to her being the least productive worker of the staff. Dianne is young and talented, but her work equipment is practically obsolete. Dianna youth and enthusiasm could be better utilized if she is allowed to blossom. The budget allocated for equipment should be given to Dianna. The employee with the potential to achieve a greater jump in productivity is the one that has the biggest room to operate. Being the worst performer even getting her to do average output would imply substantial productivity gains. Being that Dianna is a recent college graduate she would

Analysis of the Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe Essay

Analysis of the Cask of Amontillado by Edgar Allan Poe - Essay Example The story is depicted in first person narration. The writer makes use of simple diction and weaves the web of words in a manner that keeps the readers enthralled and forces them to read till the end in order to determine the whole story in other words the story catches and holds of the readers’ interest. The plot of the story gradually develops. The story reaches at its climax when it is stated, ‘In niche, and finding an instant he had reached the extremity of the niche, and finding his progress arrested by the rock, stood stupidly bewildered. A moment more and I had fettered him to the granite. In its surface were two iron staples, distant from each other about two feet, horizontally.’ This climax is also the point where Montresor’s intentions and manner in which he will kill Fortunato is revealed to the readers. The author also makes use of irony and foreshadowing which is a technique that further heightens the anticipation of readers to know the upcoming action taking place in the story. As mentioned, ‘the foot crushes a serpent rampant whose fangs are imbedded in the heel.’ This phrase foreshadows the approaching Montresor’s betrayal of Fortunato’s trust. Moreover it is ironic when Montresor says, ‘And I to your long life’ because even when he says so he was plotting Fortunato’s murder.... I continued, as was my wont to smile in his face, and he did not perceive that my smile  now  was at the thought of his immolation’. Symbolism is another stylistic technique that is used by the author. The whole prose is a metaphorical representation of degeneration and desolation of man. The brutal treatment of Montresor is symbolic of the animalistic side of human beings and reiterates the fact that man has turned in to a monster disguised in the body of a human being. He is a self indulgent and selfish creature as his only priority in life is himself as it is also apparent from the beginning lines of the story where it is stated, ‘THE THOUSAND INJURIES of  Fortunato  I had borne as I best could, but when he ventured upon insult I vowed revenge. You, who so well know the nature of my soul†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ This further illustrates the fact that Montresor keeps grudges in his heart and the intensity of his hatred knows no bounds of rationality and sensibility. Chai ns are also symbolic of the shackles of insincerity and selfishness that hold human beings in a death grip hence resulting in a lack of sense of responsibility and sensitivity to others. This degeneration is also demonstrated by the heap of bones that were their in the catacombs. As also stated in the text, ‘From the fourth side the bones had been thrown down, and lay promiscuously upon the earth, forming at one point a mound of some size. Within the wall thus exposed by the displacing of the bones†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Moreover the clothing of Fortunato is also symbolic of his being a fool since he is attired as a clown or a costume of a fool as mentioned in the story, ‘ The man wore

Emirates Airlines Cabin Crew Strategic Development System for Essay

Emirates Airlines Cabin Crew Strategic Development System for Effective Staff Motivational Management - Essay Example The industry took a long time to recover the lost trust and business momentum. Once the sector managed to engage more air travelers the worldwide financial crises again put hit and harnessed the growth momentum. This hit is still pressing airlines and entire industry setup is changing with increasing deregulation, privatization, and open skies policies etc; all intent to meet growing challenges and align with the pace of change. Hence the industry though has high barrier for competitors to enter but it has agility to respond to the happenings round the world is very high. Aviation industry as matter of research has taken place in the recent past and researcher asserts that attention to aviation industry has recently grown and still requires to be explored. However, attempt to explore the commercial airline has barrier of cooperation from managers who are very resilient in sharing the relevant information. Hence, the researcher following the strategy of many other researchers has cont ented on the available researches from secondary sources. This report has objective to explore the cabin crew component of the human resources of airline industry. Cabin crews are frontline representatives of airline and like every front line representative of the business or brand they carry entire brand within their on-flight behavior with passenger. Hence, this resource is equally important as other human resource such as pilot who is carrier the technical expertise while cabin crews are entire company and reflection of its strategy to passenger. As the cabin crew aspect is itself a completed domain to explore, the scope of this study has been defined or limited to explore the cabin crew resource management at Emirate Airline; among the leading airlines in world and the leader in Middle East. Emirate Airline has managed to gain the continuous improvement and hence growth while giving equal focus to the employee. The airline attributes its all success mainly to the efforts of its people. This report has been developed in three sections; first section focuses on the development through background regarding aviation industry its current position and expected future trend. Since the domain of the study is human resource the researcher has provided detailed discussion of the aspects of human resources including the importance of recruitment, training and motivation in context of the cabin crew. The study follows with shedding light on the importance of these understudy front line representatives. Role, challenges and the impact of other factors such as 9/11 incident and psychological factors have been developed. Followed is information related to recruitment and selection, productivity as well as the future prospects has been discussed. One developing the literature about the human resource management with respect to cabin crew in general, second section of the report has analyzed the Emirates airline conduct of operation in the understudy segment of the human r esource. The research has provided the initially provided detailed background of the airline. Later the study examines the recruitment and selection, performance measurement and motivational tools used by emirates to keep the crew member turnover controlled. In third and last section, the researcher on based on the knowledge developed on the basis of this research has provided some suggestion for improvement with concluding remark. 1.1- OVERVIEW OF AVIATION INDUSTRY

In your own words, define group communication in three to five Essay

In your own words, define group communication in three to five sentences - Essay Example Each member of the group is also encouraged to provide a feedback or to share in the brainstorming session to enrich the collective ideas and arrive at a more suitable outcome. An individual communication refers to the transmission of ideas to another without a need of requiring another person to collaborate or add up to the idea being communicated. The ideas are formulated by the communicator alone in order to implement a plan in accordance to one’s goal. There are approaches that can be used to promote individual and group communication. In individual communication and group communication anyone can be both a communicator and a listener. The participants in communication will be a speaker at one time and a listener at another. Thus, they must both possess the good qualities of a speaker and a listener. As a speaker, it is necessary to speak clearly and organize the idea logically. At the same time, the speaker should be patient to explain one’s thought and the listene r request for further explanation. The strategies are commonly used individuals in face-to-face interaction as well as in the use of social networking platform. Successful communication is facilitated when the communicators are at ease. This will enhance receptivity and allow full comprehension of the message being transmitted.

Personal Development And Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Personal Development And Ethics - Assignment Example The second part will consist of a reflective evaluation that will entail a detailed self assessment and analysis as a team member in the context of personal development. a. The main elements of a business are the various activities related to that business and the products offered. The products of my business will include baked cakes, cookies, biscuits and sandwiches. Business activities/services will include customisation, packaging, delivery and shipping of the products. Marketing will be done through news media and social networking. Knowledge: Managerial and financial knowledge is critical. The management must be headed by a competent team of professionals proficient in knowledge management. Identification of business liabilities and assets is essential for developing a sound financial knowledge of the business itself. Since large amounts of investment are to be made, money should be burrowed from a reputed bank. Key financial information like the annual report, balance sheet, etc. regarding the bank should be analysed by the management to evaluate the institution as a financier. Knowledge of assets and liabilities should be clear. For example, the loans secured will be liabilities while the food processing plant and the office building will be assets. Moreover, technological knowledge is also important. The management must have a sound understanding of the food processing machinery like the biscuit making and dough mixing machines, sugar grinding machines, sandwiching machines, etc. Food products machinery, eq uipped with computerised control systems, coupled with highly flexible, automated equipment lines, will increase the overall efficiency of the business (U.S. Department of Commerce, 1994). Knowledge of the market is also very important. Through surveys and research, the company must identify its potential customers and also sort out the resourceful suppliers. Skills: Management skills like emotional intelligence,

Napoleon and Romanticism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Napoleon and Romanticism - Essay Example Of the three, it was Byron (1788-1824) who made the biggest impact during his lifetime. His poems acted as a major source of inspiration for generations of Romantics. Unfortunately, his verses have not lasted well. His most famous poems are very long and belong to a more leisurely age when people had the time to read such things. But Don Juan still sparkles with a wit that is most un-English and the shorter lyrical verses can still give much pleasure. The defeat of Napoleon brought no improvement in the condition of the masses. After 1815 there was a deep fall, which paralyzed trade and brought a wide unemployment and poverty. The ranks of the unemployed were swelled by a flood of discharged soldiers and sailors. The victors of Waterloo and Trafalgar were forced to beg for crusts of bread in the streets of London, Manchester and Portsmouth. In an analogy to Stalin, Napoleon, the gravedigger of the French Revolution, was seen by many as the continuator of the revolutionary traditions of 1789-93. Wherever his armies set foot, they set about smashing the old order in Europe, and therefore, in a distorted form, they stood for revolution. On the other hand, the armies of England everywhere defended the forces of reaction. Nelson, the national hero, hanged the patriots of Naples and delivered them over to torture and murder at the hands of the reactionaries. Inside England, the reactionaries went on the rampage, smashing printing presses and beating up suspected radicals. One might say that occasionally the pose seemed more important to him than the idea itself. But this was entirely characteristic of the Romantics in general. It was also characteristic of many Romantics to admire, even worship - Napoleon, the Corsican upstart who had hijacked the French Revolution in its period of decline. The attraction felt for the person of Bonaparte among the Romantics bears a certain resemblance to the attitude of many foreign intellectuals to Stalin. Sincerely sympathizing with the cause of the Russian Revolution and the USSR, they lacked the Marxist understanding to be able to analyze the real nature of Stalin's regime or see any difference between it and the regime of workers' democracy established by Lenin and Trotsky in 1917. Therefore, napoleon is considered just the gravedigger of the French revolution and not the nemesis. Romanticism Romanticism was name given to the new tendency. According to "Walter pater", 'it is the addition of curiosity to the desires of beauty' , the eagerness for new impression and new pleasure, to be sought where the hard work of nature or the artist had been most cunning. More than this it was in revolt against authority, tradition and convention, whether political, social,

Magnificent play Essay Example for Free

Magnificent play Essay Language is extremely powerful in The Crucible. Millers words are used effectively and do not include anything unnecessary to convey the idea. For instance, She thinks to dance with me on my wifes grave. And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whores vengeance and you must see it, I set myself entirely in your hands. This quote consists of simple speech and tells a straightforward message. Proctor knows his mistake and regrets it, but he also knows he must reveal it to the court in order to stop the trials. Another example of a powerful quote is A person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between. This quote is very effective in a way Danforth is telling everyone their fate. He is saying those against the court are evil and will suffer the consequences for it, presumably death. he tells everyone in favour of the witch trials that they are victorious and have nothing to worry about if they carry on as they are doing. The theme of this play I believe is a very interesting one. In my opinion The Crucible is about rising over adversity, standing for the truth even to the death. there are many examples in the play to support my opinion. John in the beginning wanted to keep distant from the trials, he didnt want to have a part whether good or bad, but when Elizabeth was arrested he was forced to take part. Throughout the trial, he stood for the truth. He confessed to his affair and was forgiven for his sin. He died a hero learning what truth really meant through his sufferings and struggles. there is also a great deal of hysteria in this play. The villages people were easily manipulated by Abigails lies and came to quick poorly judged conclusions, which lead to killing a great many innocent people. Act 3 is very strong most of the main things are revealed such as the courts verdict, who is right and who is wrong, who will win and who will die. It is an extremely gripping part of the play, telling how Proctor was so close to victory (through his confession and Mary Warren) yet he still defeated by the envy of Abigail, or rather the loyalty of Elizabeth and the fearful Mary warren. He knows he will die but he also knows he has a chance of stopping this fate yet because of his decency Proctor decides he would rather face death than bring trouble upon his friends and everlasting shame upon his family. I also noticed that in act 3 the three main sides are shown clearly. The power hungry stand together, those full of jealousy, greed, hate and lust join and those who are willing to sacrifice themselves for the truth unite. The people in this play may have had different motives for accusing other people, and practically sentencing them to death, but the outcome of all accusations was more or less the same. Innocent people died and there was more than one person to lay the blame on. In almost every conflict, there is someone or some people to hold responsible. In this case, it was Abigail for her manipulative nature, the Putnams for their greed, Mary Warren for being weak-willed and Rev. Parris for craving power. It makes one wonder how such a diminutive act of young girls could lead to such destruction of a community. How could innocent people be sentenced to death simply because some girls were playing and dancing? This is the power of religion and the annihilation it can cause if people refuse to tolerate any other explanation and follow it blindly. The Crucible is a magnificent play, superbly written conveying one simple message. It is better stand for the truth and sacrifice yourself than to live with a lie. It reminds us that man is not perfect, and that we can make mistakes. However, even with these mistakes, we can cleanse ourselves and purify ourselves by making what is wrong right.

Library catalog Essay Example for Free

Library catalog Essay Today, libraries are intensified and triggered by many advances and rapid inventions of science and technology that are greatly affecting the library operations as a whole. The non-stop discoveries of this new technology, particularly computers, redefined the role of libraries. A library is a collection of information, sources, resources, books, and services, and the structure in which it is housed. It is organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution, or a private individual. In a more traditional sense, a library is a collection of books (â€Å"Library†, 2009). The library, more than any instrument of the society, is open to public use and the knowledge embodied in books are the foundation of a society to attain or develop more the potentialities of man which in return, will be a great factor in the progress of a nation. The library has the responsibility to upgrade its status through open access to these advances, to develop a plan of action in order to contribute and to become an effective partner especially in instruction, research and extension programs of an educational institute (Enem, 2002). From the statements above it is proven that the library has a big role not only to the students but also to the society and our country. Through the help of modern technology and information system, the library circulation system can improve. Library circulation or library lending comprises the activities around the lending of library books and other material to users of a lending library. A circulation or lending department is one of the key departments of a library (â€Å"LC†, 2009). Library circulation provides lending services and facilities for return of loaned items. Renewal of materials and payment of fines are also handled at the circulation desk. Circulation staff may provide basic search and reference services, though more in-depth questions are usually referred to reference librarians at the library reference desk. The circulation desk is in most cases staffed by library aides instead of professional librarians. The functions of the circulation desk staff may include the lending materials to library users, checking in materials returned, monitoring materials for damage and routing them to the appropriate staff for repair or replacement, troubleshooting circulation technology, i.e. library circulation software, scanners, printers, etc. , and collecting statistics on library use, i. e. patron transactions, material checkouts, etc. The two categories of Information System (IS) are the manual or traditional system and automatic or also known as Computer-Based Information System (CBIS). Before the use of CBIS, all the data are processed manually in a traditional system, where all the information are written and stored in different files. Sometimes, this process is called non-computerized system. Non-computerized is not efficient because it consumes a lot of time to find and update the information. To eliminate this problem, a new system was created which is known as computerized system or CBIS. Computer-Based Information Systems (CBIS) is composed of hardware, software, databases, telecommunications, people, and procedures that are configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process data into information (Abraham, 2009). The library of University of the Philippines Diliman was established in 1922 has grappled with four basic concerns: the book fund, staff development, library services and information technology. And in 1999 the university had opened an online public access catalog and launched the university library web. Another school that has a library system running in web based is the De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde in 1999. Each year, the school library acquires new resources and upgrades equipment for the use of students. As of august 2009, the library has a collection of over 122,000 book titles and more than 45,000 titles of electronic books. Using CBIS nowadays as a tool for development not only uplifts a company’s reputation, but also help fix things to the best. And also by using the intranet as a platform of the system can be a great help for improving the services of the library. An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet technologies to securely share any part of an organizations information or operational systems with its employees. Sometimes the term refers only to the organizations internal website, but often it is a more extensive part of the organizations computer infrastructure and private websites are an important component and focal point of internal communication and collaboration (King, 2002). Mr. A. T. Valdes, the librarian of NPCMSTI said that the library is an instrument that is used to provide data and information needed by the student in his study by collecting books that are important in their subjects as references. He added that from the books collected and selected, they are maintained in  order to be available to the students when the need it (personal communication, April 6, 2002). In addition, there are problems encountered in the manual or traditional library system of NPCMSTI based from the study conducted by the students of NPCMSTI. These include more effort and slow inventory of books, inefficient searching of books, inefficient generation of reports, and inefficient monitoring of books. The library has more than 4000 number of books and monitoring all these books require a lot of time and effort (Carreon, Delmendo, Maala, Mendoza Penequito, 2008). Considering the advantages brought by CBIS and the problems encountered in the existing library system of NPCMSTI, the researcher decided to propose a computerized library system for NPCMSTI. Company Background The vision of the NPCMSTI library is to be a functional media center for meritorious resources especially in Nautical Science or Marine Transportation, Marine Engineering, Computer Science, Criminology, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, and Technical Vocational courses towards an excellent training development of professionals, diligent seafarers and skilled workers in the community. Its mission is to seek endeavor to provide quality service and to support the school’s educational programs, planning, research and extension services and instructional needs of the academic through stipulating bits of information comprehensively in any structure, in any part of the country, and of the whole world. Quality Objectives. The school library has the following objectives: (1) to strengthen and upgrade the library resources; (2) to upgrade library facilities and equipment;(3) to train personnel to enhance their technical skills and competitiveness; and (4) to link and network with local, national and international institutions. The library has a total of 11,832 book collections from the Degree courses to Non-Degree courses. The primary function of a library system are to facilitate the loan of books to borrowers, record receipt of returned books, and keep track of the status of books that should be returned. Reference Services. The obligation of the library is to render full assistance to readers in using the library and its contents. The librarian handles library resources such as dictionaries, encyclopedias, almanacs, biographies, atlases, and gazetteers. Orientation. The librarian’s unique responsibility is to utilize fully his resources in making as nearly certain as possible that the best materials for the particular purpose find their way to the readers. Also, the librarian serves as the mediator between man and the graphic records that he and his previous generations have produced and that the goal of the library is to maximize the social utility of graphic records for the benefit of the society. Library Hours. The library is open with its continuous hour service, from Monday to Friday which starts from 7:30 in the morning until 5:00 in the afternoon. Responsibilities of the Library Staff. The Northern Philippines College for Maritime, Science and Technology Library is manned by a Librarian, Assistant Librarian, and Library assistants. The Librarian shall administer the library, direct the activities of the staff, keep financial records of the library, keep records of the replacement of books, in charge of collecting and monitoring late fees, select and purchase books, library materials and supplies, stimulate growth of library services, attend library meetings or seminars, undertake indexing, classification and cataloging books and non-book materials and maintain relations to publishers and distributors. The Assistant Librarian shall take charge in absence of the librarian, help the librarian in indexing, classifying and cataloging of books and responsible for materials like clippings, periodicals and other documents, take charge in clipping and binding press and reviews, undertake the processing of books and non-book materials from putting accession number and stamping ownership mark to shelving. The Library Assistant shall issue and retrieve books at the circulation section, do the shelving and shelf reading of books retrieved, Paste torn pages of books and periodicals, undertake filing of clippings in the vertical file, type book cards, paste pockets and date due slips in books, cover books with plastic cover, stamp on books and periodicals, and file cards in the card catalogue. Cataloging and Classification. In the cataloging and classification of the book collections, the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules is adopted and the method used to describe an item that the library acquired. Also, the Dewey Decimal Classification System, the Sears List of Subject Heading and the Cutter Number of Tables are used in the NPCMSTI library. Borrowers. The student registered in the college, faculty members, staff, administrators, alumni of the college, and scholars or researchers from other institutions or organizations with endorsement letter from their librarians can use the services of the library. Importance of the Study This study is important to the following entities: To the Community. Through the help of this study it shall uplift the community’s education of the Filipinos by improving the services of the library. To the NPCMSTI. The output of the study shall be a great aid to the people using the library in the school. By improving and implementing the computerized system, books are monitored and also the quality of service that the school renders shall be uplifted and it also helps meet the vision and mission of the school. To the Staff-in Charge. The output of the study shall help easy recording and accessing of books records. By this study, librarians can monitor the status of the book at the library if it is available or borrowed. They can easily generate book reports such as available books, borrowed books, and inventory of the books by category. From this they shall save time and effort, and they can do more output in simple way. To the Faculty. The study would be beneficial to them for faster searching of the book information. By using the computerized system, the instructor can determine the book information in which they can use as their references in their subjects that they are teaching. They can also determine the book status whether it is available or borrowed by using the search feature of the system. From this they can save more time and effort. To the Students. The study would be beneficial to them in which searching of the book information would be faster. By using the computerized system, the student can determine the book information and also the book status if it is available or borrowed by using the search feature of the system or if they know the title of the book they want to borrow, they can easily determine if that book is available at the library, from this study they can save more time and effort. To other Researchers. This shall be a reference in conducting studies related to computer on wider prospective and may also serve as a basis for further study related to computer program. To the Researcher. Through this, the researcher shall be able to determine and appreciate the impact using technology for the productivity of every individual. Statement of the Problem The main aim of the study was to design and develop a computerized library circulation system for NPCMSTI. Specifically, the project aimed to answer the following questions: 1. What are the processes involved in the existing library circulation system of NPCMSTI along the areas on: a) borrowing and returning of books and other reading materials, and b) inventory of books and other reading materials, and  report generation? 2. What system features can be incorporated in the proposed library system in terms of: a) functionalities, b) back-up and restoration facilities, and c) security and control measures? Objectives of the Study The researcher aimed to design and develop a computerized library circulation system for NPCMSTI. Specifically, the study aimed to achieve the following: 1. Identify the processes involved in the existing library circulation system of NPCMSTI along the areas on: a) borrowing and returning of books and other reading materials, and  b) inventory of books and other reading materials, and report generation. 2. To determine the system features that can be incorporated in the proposed library system in terms of: a) functionalities, b) back-up and restoration facilities, and c) security and control measures. Definition of Terms The following terms are operationally defined: Administration. This refers to the supervision of the library by full-time, professionally-trained staff under a well-defined organizational setup. Back-up. This is the capability of the system to create a copy of the database. Book Category. The classification of a books as Filipiniana or Foreign. Borrowing of books. This is the process of lending available books and reading materials at the library. Inventory of Books. The process of generating a list of books borrowed, list of books available, and list of Filipiniana books and Foreign books by course. Filipiniana. These are books and non-book materials, published in the Philippines or abroad, written by Filipinos in any dialects or in English. Foreign. These are books and non-book materials, published in the Philippines or abroad, written by foreigners in any dialects or in English. Library System Functionality Features. These are the functions that are incorporated in the system such as searching of books, and verifying of borrowed books and returned books. Library Automation. It is an innovation using the computer to enhance the operation of the library. Library Circulation. It is comprised of the activities around the lending and borrowing of library books and other material to users. Library Environment. This refers to the physical condition, site, facilities and equipment of the library. Library Resources. This refers to the library personnel, book collection, services and use of the library. Non-print. These are non-book materials in various formats and style. Readers Services. These are services provided to customer such as bibliographical instruction on the effective use of the library, abstracting, information retrieval, reader’s guidance, and indexing. Report Generation. The process of generating a report on books needed by the librarian. Restore. Capability of the system that restores backup database into the system. Returning of Books. The process of returning the borrowed book at the library by the borrower. Searching of Books. The process of searching books at the library. Security measures. These are the computer controls that the library system will adopt in-order to protect the information or data in the database. Services. These are the activities that ensures maximum access and availability of resources and satisfactory use of the Library. Staff. They are the human resource of the library that maintains the services. This includes the professionals and the non-professional staff.

IKEA SWOT, Porters 5 and PESTEL Analysis

IKEA SWOT, Porters 5 and PESTEL Analysis Jump to: SWOT, Porters 5  Forces, PESTEL INTRODUCTION IKEA has created its own brand name in the world of furnishing at an affordable price. IKEA strives to make a better life for many by offering wide variety of well-designed, practical home furnishing items at affordable prices. History IKEA was found in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad in small village Agunnaryd , Sweden. Originally company sold the basic household goods at discount prices later kamprad start to sell the home furnishing and 10 year later IKEA opened its first showroom, clearly demonstrates the function and quality of its low-price products. In 1955 IKEA introduce its own Designing furniture and in 1956 flat packs and self-assembly were launch (which reduced production and transport costs) and in later year IKEA has opened 301 stores all over Europe and Asia which shows the success of company. Present In 2002, IKEA Group was worlds top furniture retailers. The total number of stores 301 operated by IKEA in 37 countries/territories. The IKEA Group itself owns 267 stores in 25 countries with 123,000 co-workers and generating annual sales of more than 21.5 billion euro (these facts are taken from IKEA website). There are wide range of products in IKEA stores from plants and living room furnishings to toys and whole kitchens. At IKEA their vision is to create a better everyday life for the many people what make IKEA as worlds top furniture retailers, matchless approaches of IKEA attract the customer whether its affordable price, portable furniture or the unique design in store, Swedish cafà © in the stores, child care facility in the stores SWOT Analysis of IKEA Strengths One of the strongest strengths of IKEA is their strong brand name: IKEA is widely known brand in Europe and some Asian countries. In 2002 IKEA was the worlds most famous furniture retailer. [  [1]  ] Unique selling point of IKEA is low prices and flat pack furniture which is economical for customer and easy to transport Exclusive furniture design catch the attention of the customer Cheap Prices of IKEA furniture offers value to Customer Exclusive furniture design catch the attention of the customer As published in Business Times Ikea catalogue is the third most printed book in the world after Bible and Harry Potter [2] Furniture are easy to assemble and easy to ship IKEA has Strong potential of Global sourcing Powerful advertising campaign IKEA has built its own brand name and consistently strives to maintain it   In mid- 1990s IKEA had launched a high profile advertising campaign in USA intending to raise awareness of the IKEA brand UK wide advertising campaign in September 2007 titled Home is the Most Important Place in the World using estate agent signs with the term Not for Sale written on them as part of the wider campaign Wallets for Oyster cards and tube map are sponsored by IKEA IKEA consciously runs advertising campaign to create brand awareness. IKEA maintain Long-term Relationship with suppliers IKEA has preserved long-term relationship with its suppliers. IKEA purchases products in high volume from suppliers which allows IKEA to keep their product prices low It has about 45 trading service offices in 31 countries. This enables them to develop close relationships with more than 1,350 suppliers in 50 countries Product improvement IKEA is actively taking initiatives in environment changes, they strongly cares about forest and support the suppliers to minimize the total impact on the climates by contributing in forest projects. Weakness Supplier dependencies One of the main weakness of the IKEA is that it is dependent on the supplier for its manufacturing their products By totally dependencies on suppliers IKEA convert its strength to IKEA does not manufacture anything itself and is heavily dependent on the supplier. By limiting the manufacturing facilities means more dependencies on the suppliers. Ikea furnitures need to assemble yourself may be its is unattractive to certain groups of consumers Store design can be confusing for those customer who need particular item Swedish design may not so appealing to other regions of world Major Reliability on European Markets 90% of IKEA stores are based in European regions and rest in America, Middle East and Asia , Ikea is limiting themselves to enter into the Competition can take benefit of IKEAs non existences in the other fast growing retails markets like America, Middle East and Asia by expanding their businesses. Quality and standards Its difficult to maintain high Quality and standards globally due to the size and scale of products People generally associate the low prices with bad quality of products and non durability Ikea furnitures not manufacture for lifetime Opportunities Expansion in untouched retails market IKEA should extent their business or stores from international to global market , by developing in other regions like Asia and Eastern Europe By expanding in fast growing retails markets IKEA can capture additional share in Asia and Eastern Europe Only 10% percentages of stores were in underdeveloped markets. Its an excellent opportunity for IKEA to expand and grow their businesses in the untouched markets Development in Ecommerce IKEA should enlarge their internet present in markets Fast growing virtual markets in the Internet revolution era gives an excellent opportunity to IKEA to enlarge their place in the online business all over the world like ebay , Amazon.com, Inc IKEA can expand their business by collaboration of local companies and suppliers. By developing E-commerce site and local company alliances gives an opportunity to achieve growth in existing business and can gain new acquisition In additional it will help to increase customer service satisfaction and customer feedback Also it can reduce the work pressure from store to certain level Design various type of Store It will be good opportunities for IKEA to try new outlay of store to easily find the particular products which will increase the growth sales and customer satisfaction Minimizing waste (IKEA and the new EU legislation on chemicals) IKEA avoids use of chemicals and materials that can be of any harm to people and the environment. All IKEA products for all markets, everywhere in the world will adhere to the chemical restrictions in the REACH legislation. Efficient use of materials IKEA strives to use fewest resources to make the best possible products, without having any negative effect on the functionality or the design or the look of the products. The main material used in the manufacturing of the products is wood, cotton, metal, plastic, glass and rattan and we work towards using as many renewable and recyclable materials as possible. Threats Impact of European economy As IKEA is predominantly present in European region, any adverse effects in this region will impact the business of IKEA. Major sales and purchasing are done is European markets. In order to avoid such situation, it needs to secure place in other retail market and increase awareness of the IKEA brand and products worldwide Competition Indirect threat of competition One of the fastest growing competitive retail market in Europe and other businesses regions of IKEA Difficult to preserve good quality and design at cheap prices when competition is increasing rapidly growing e.g. In USA Wal-Mart , room to go , kmart ,In Japan Nitori Co and MUJI Even average retailers are producing low cost values flat packed furniture, which can put tremendous impact on the IKEA. Advantages of competition Competition is aggressively offer similar product Most of retailers promising to serve on high quality of and service Educating customer on quality of woods, construction techniques and so on Competitions are offering free delivery of assembled furniture whereas IKEA is not giving any options to customer on the transportation Summary of IKEA SWOT ANALYSIS SWOT analysis describes IKEAs strengths and weakness, as well as encountering the threats with opportunities which will secure IKEAs place in the retail market Strength of IKEA group in the world of retail markets is their Vision IKEA strives to make a better life for many by offering wide variety of well-designed, practical home furnishing items at affordable prices which display their clear business idea.[3] IKEA buy massive from the suppliers and gain advantage of low cost product which is one of strongest strength of IKEA , as they can sale the finished goods in cheaper than competitors IKEA is good long term business relationship with the suppliers and weakness is the total dependencies on the supplier which can be the threat in their future business. Business Strategy of IKEA gives the Excellent opportunities to expand their services to the world widely and but by limiting their expansion only to the European and selected Asian countries can be biggest threats and can be advantage to the competitors due to the non-existences of IKEA Porters 5 forces analysis of IKEA Competition from Substitutes: HIGH The furniture retails market is on developing stage. Competition from Substitute it is high in the modern time people consider better products if it is costly. The switching costs are high and Substitute will be other brands supplier at high prices. Other options might be cheap furniture from local supplier. But IKEA can competitive advantage from low prices, unique design and flat pack furniture Bargaining power of buyers: LOW IKEA focuses on large segments and target individual customers young people aged around 20 to 40 years as in the modern world people prefers compact and foldable furniture so it is easy use and transport. IKEA products are affordable for everyone because of the low prices. There is high customer loyalty therefore low bargaining power of customers. One more reason of low bargaining power can the brand name of IKEA, consumer can buy the same furnitures from capitation but because of the IKEA trademark they prefer to buy. Furnitures Industry is growing tremendously, there is very high switching cost for the buyers and with the product differentiation is prime factors. Therefore Because of the brand and large collection of product the customer loyal and preference is IKEA Threat of New Entrants : LOW The Home Furnishings House wares Retail industry is developed markets and IKEA has its own reputation and experiences players in retail markets. It is very difficult to compete against with big players in the industry as to build to own status brand lots of resources such as unique design, technology, low cost products, infrastructure and human resources. IKEA having a very long experience in its field and it has established itself differently from competitors. IKEA stores and distinguished itself as a functional home products .In Retail industry, low cost and use new technology is very essential and IKEA spent years to establish this reputation .However for a new entrant it is difficult to get. Bargaining power of supplier: LOW IKEA deals with suppliers for Wood cotton, metal, plastic, glass and rattan. IKEA have more 1,300 direct suppliers and about 10,000 sub-suppliers in 60 countries and 28 distribution centres and 11 customer distribution centres in 16 countries. IKEA had set up its own code and conducts for the suppliers. Being a Multinational brand there is a competition among supplier for selling to IKEA. They purchase in huge volume of material from the suppliers at low cost IKEA buy massively from these suppliers to deliver in the European market The Bargaining power of suppliers is low as they can lose their one of biggest clients Rivalry among existing firms: HIGH IKEA competitors are mainly in the Home Furnishings House wares Retail industry and competition from Substitutes too high in the industry. Some competitors for IKEA such as Wal-Marts, TGT, kmart in Japan Nitori Co. Many manufacturers provide furniture with same functions and design. As published in Business Times we can take Example of TGT has recruited top designer Thomas OBrien to develop a range of low-priced furnishings and In Japan Nitori Co. has a lock on low-cost furniture.[4] Competition is putting a lot of resources to manufacture the same type of products Strategic Position of IKEA IKEA PESTLE analysis Political Factors Governments have put various taxes, duties and vat on IKEA products their constitutions in different countries. Changes in the government and trading policies can threat to IKEA For example Russian government has kept on hold all new investment and delaying unpredictability of the administrative processes for Mega-Samara mall sports in Russia because of the delay IKEA have to postponed the 30 new stores in the country[5] Awareness of political situation of every country where company is operating Important Many countries offers incentive to attract the foreign investment like Malaysia , china and Thailand IKEA has grown from a small company to largest home furniture retailer in the world, Political factors has direct impact and is interrelated on other aspect. Political factors can control the process of business and greatly impact on the operating industry. As IKEAs major business is on the European regions, it has to adopt the guidelines and policy formed by the EU. Economical Factors Interest rates and exchange rates have a direct impact on company. Some time foreign currency exchange fluctuation may be beneficial or un beneficial for IKEA Due to recession demand for home furniture declined as people dont have money to buy expenses products and customers go for cheap alternatives. Fluctuation in cost of raw material can be threat for the IKEA , as they dont produces on its own , but buy from whole seller Recession has impacted on all kind of industry more or less it has effected on IKEA In todays time global warming is important concern to every business should consider to reducing elements effect the environment Social Factors IKEA takes initiatives and founded a committed to invest in the social programmes on a global level which can give IKEA a recognized globally IKEA is proactively trying to fight against Child labour and give better life to children Everyone is trying to save and reduce the causes of global warming does IKEA is The IKEA contributed much in the society as they provide recyclable products and try to minimize the waste Technological Factors IKEA products are eco-friendly IKEA should consider natural resources like using solar power renewal energy usage and energy efficiencies One of Important aspect which should be take into account as a need of new trends in changing business styles and enhance the competitive advantage which development of E-commerce and entre the world of Online business (virtual markets) Legal Factors Governments may put a negative as well as positive impact on IKEA as it is operating all over the globe hence it may vary according to different countries. In 2004 Irish Government had implement law of restricting the maximum size of a retail outlet to 6,000 (units?) to save the small business but retails giant of home furnishing wants IKEAs plan to build stores in Dublin and usual size of IKEA stores is four time bigger caused the law be put up for debate. In Jan 2005 The Government has agreed to change the planning laws clearing the way for furniture stores such as Ikea to open in Ireland IKEA and the new EU legislation on chemicals IKEA avoids use of chemicals and materials that can be of any harm to people and the environment. All IKEA products for all markets, everywhere in the world will adhere to the chemical restrictions in the REACH legislation. Environmental Factors Product Development IKEA is proactively taking initiatives in climate change projects. As 50% of the raw material is from the forest, it strongly cares about forest. The effort is to leave minimum impact on environment. It contributes to many forestry projects and honour certification by the Forest Stewardship Council Erase the Waste IKEA believes in using Waste by-products generated due to manufacturing where possible. In 2006, IKEA implemented the EU directive on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and IKEA stores now accept and recycle IKEA electrical produce and electronic devices. Customers can also return certain types of waste such as discarded packaging, spent batteries and low-energy bulbs for proper recycling and disposal. In 2006, IKEA stores and distribution centres handled 281,734 tons of waste, of which 81% was sorted for recycling reuse or energy recover. In the pursuit of recycling, as of October 1, 2008, IKEA USA no longer sells throwaway bags. IKEA products are recyclable and make minimum usage of polythene. Product Development IKEA is proactively taking initiatives in climate change projects. As 50% of the raw material is from the forest, it strongly cares about forest. The effort is to leave minimum impact on environment. It contributes to many forestry projects and honours certification by the Forest Stewardship Council Climate changing IKEA ensures that the products and resources are customized to reduce any negative impact on the environment. IKEA Group and WWF co-operate in projects at intended to reducing carbon dioxide emissions generated by IKEA operations.[6] Conclusion IKEA is well recognized brand for flat pack furniture and Swedish design in the world of furnishings, also they are leading retailers in globally. IKEA should explore their new opportunities into asian market as there is no major competition in flat pack furnishing and also due to over population in some asian countries flat pack can be eye catching for new customer as IKEA captured 90% of European . IKEA should seek to introduce new technologies to reduce use of wood.

Employment :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Empluyment Many years ago, it wasn’t hard at all to keep employees loyal and happy in their work. That was because the man of the house was mainly the sole provider for a wife and two to three kids. All they basically wanted was security and to be a happy family. It’s not so easy in today’s modern world where an employee has so many more options. I will discuss how we manage to keep employees loyal and satisfied in their jobs at our company. The role of the manager is very wide, expansive and covers several different areas all at once. Our managers act as something similar to a press secretary in that they escort visitors and play tour manager of course, they also handle all the human relations tasks such as hiring, firing and motivating the employees under their charge. So far as relational roles they also act as liaison due to the fact that much of the information they use they acquire from the employees. Our manager’s act in several other roles with the information they receive. As a monitor in that they attempt to predict what to expect of competitors. Secondly, as a disseminator because much information has to be relayed to employees either by the manager or through some sort of media. Thirdly, with visitors they tend to act as spokesperson, also. Managers have to make many decisions in our organization because we try to avoid micromanagement, Due to the avoidance of that micromanagement the manager tends to act as entrepreneur sometimes because they are making decisions that will affect the organization as a whole. Secondly, they act as police somewhat in that they need to settle disputes between employees. They handle the acquisition of supplies, also, whether it is personnel, physical supplies or monetary resources. Lastly, our managers also need to act as negotiators because they may need to sacrifice something important out of their own team to gain an important piece of equipment from another team. The organization plays a very large role in motivation and morale employees need to know that when they come to work everyday they won’t have several different tasks thrown at them throughout the day. This reflects totally as to how the individual reacts towards the organization. We combat this â€Å" Hey, you!† effect in our organization with a couple of methods.

Hospice :: essays research papers

Hospice General Purpose of the Department: As we have learned, the hospice idea is not new. Literally meaning "given to hospitality," hospices provided comfort, kindness, and nourishment to people in need hundreds of years ago. Today, hospices offer comfort to people as they near the end of life's journey. Hospice is a special way of caring for people with terminal illnesses and their families. It is a multidisciplinary health care program that is responsible for palliative and supportive care with consideration of the patient's and families wishes. Hospice focuses on care, not cure. Hospice care is important because it provides many benefits that aren't possible in a traditional acute or long-term health care setting. Within hospice, the family of the patient is directly involved in making decisions and helping their loved one. Hospice also gives the patient to have a great amount of control by deciding where they want to spend the rest of their lives. It can also help make choices about advanced directives which we will discuss shortly. Major Functions of the Department: Hospice is a very unique department because it truly looks at the "big picture" and treats a spectrum of patient needs equally. Special attention is given to: Physical needs - this is the first and foremost function. Within hospice you are dealing with a patient that has been given a diagnosis of having 6 months or less to live. For many patients, relieving pain through medication is an important part of hospice care. I have provided you with a list of ways that patients are made more comfortable. A goal of hospice it to help patients use their physical abilities as fully as possible. Social Needs - Sometimes little things make all the difference to people. Although these patients may not be as active as before their illness, you can see on your handout a list of things that they probably still enjoy. Hospice can help to make these things happen, as well as provide assistance with practical issues like putting finances in order. Emotional Needs: Hospice can help patients cope with loneliness, isolation, and the fear of being abandoned. This is outlined on your handout as to how the hospice staff accomplishes this. Hospice also helps friends and families of the patient express their emotions through group and bereavement counseling. Spiritual Needs - the realization that a person's spirituality is of a daily concern to the patient has led hospice care to this area. Hospice tries to organize the types of care outlined on your handout. Members of the clergy can also help family and friends who are in need of spiritual support.

The Bible: The Book of Daniel Essay -- Religion, Nebuchadnezzar

Traditionally, a prophet gives a message from God to His people. Another way Daniel sways from being a typical Old Testament Prophet is that He interprets God’s messages, yet sometimes he was not the original recipient of the message. A vision, dream, or miraculous event happens and Daniel is called in to give an interpretation of what God’s message is in this happening. As Daniel was like John in the book of Revelation with his writing style, he is much like Joseph in the book of Genesis in his prophetical style. Another difficulty for Hebrew scripture is that these pagan Gentile leaders were the ones to whom God originally imparted His visions. In some circumstances, Daniel was called to miraculously tell the details of the vision before giving his God given interpretation. It is no wonder that even if Daniel was available to be put into the prophetic section, a staunch Israelite would not have placed him in this area. His prophecies and writing are focused upon Gent iles. He uses an apocalyptic literary style and on top of this His messages are not always delivered to Him from God in a normal prophetical style. In chapter seven, Daniel dreams a dream of four beasts. The first is like a winged lion, the second is like a bear with three ribs in its mouth, the third is a four headed, four winged leopard, and the last one is the worst of all and destroys the first three. It has ten horns and a small eleventh horn comes up and yanks out three of the horns. This little horn had eyes and a mouth. The vision is interpreted for Daniel. The four beasts are four kingdoms. The fourth kingdom will be greater than all the previous kingdoms and its ten horns represent the ten kings of that kingdom. The eleventh king will subdue three of th... ... that the part which would be the breast and the arms of silver will crush the former kingdoms just as iron crushes in real life. The kingdom will retain some of its strength, but as it moves into the feet, it is now a divided kingdom. Just as it retains some of its strength, the clay shows that it has gained some weakness. The iron and clay mingled shows the inner mingling of these peoples. The final image in the dream is the stone that becomes a mountain and engulfs the entire world. This is not only the fifth but it is also the final kingdom made by God that will never be taken over by another kingdom. It also will end all other kingdoms. Daniel ends his interpretation and recollection of the dream by saying, â€Å"the great God has made known to the king what will take place in the future; so the dream is true, and its interpretation is trustworthy† (Daniel 2:45).

Air India Statutory Corporation. V. United Labour Union

Petitioner: AIR INDIA STATUTORY CORPORATION. Vs. Respondent: UNITED LABOUR UNION & ORS. The appeals by special leave arise from the judgment of the Division Bench of the Bombay High Court dated April 28, 1992 made in Appeal No. 146 of 1990 and batch. The facts in appeal arising out of S. L. P. 7417/92, are sufficient to decide the questions of law that have arisen in these appeals. The appellant initially was a statutory authority under International Airport Authority of India Act. 971 (for short, ‘IAAI Act') and on its repeal by the Airports Authority of India Act, 1994 was amalgamated with National Airport Authority (for short, the ‘NAA') under single nomenclature, namely, IAAI. The IAAI is now reconstituted as a company under Companies Act, 1956. The appellants engaged, as contract labour the respondent union's members, for sweeping, cleaning dusting and watching of the building owned and occupied by the appellant.The Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 197 0 (for Short, the ‘Act') regulates registration of the establishment of principal employer, the contractor engaging and supplying the contract labour in every establishment in which 20 or more workmen are employed on any day of the preceding 12 months as contract labour. The appellant had obtained on September 20, 1971 a certificate of registration from Regional Labour Commissioner (Central) under the Act.The Central Government, exercising the power under Section 10 of the Act, on the basis of recommendation and in consultation with the Central Advisory Board constituted under Section 10(1) of the Act, issued a notification on December 9,1976 prohibiting â€Å"employment of contract labour on and from December 9,1976 for sweeping, cleaning, dusting and watching of buildings owned or occupied by the establishment in respect of which the appropriate government under the said act is the Central Government†.However, the said prohibition would not apply to â€Å"outside cle aning and other maintenance operations of multi-storeyed building where such cleaning or maintenance cannot be carried out except with specialized experience. † It would appear that Regional Labour Commissioner (Central) Bombay by letter dated January 20,1972 informed the appellant that the State Government is the appropriate Government under the Act. Therefore, by proceedings dated May 22, 1973 the Regional Labour Commissioner (Central) had revoked the registration.By Amendment Act 46 of 1982, the Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 (for short, the ‘ID Act') was made applicable to the appellant and was brought on statute book specifying the appellant as one of the industries in relation to which the Central Government is the appropriate Government and the appellant has been carrying on its business â€Å"by or under its authority† with effect from August 21, 1982. The Act was amended bringing within its ambit the Central Government as appropriate Government by amendmen t Act 14 of 1986 with effect from January 28, 1986.Since the appellant did not abolish the contract system and failed to enforce the notification of the Government of India dated December 9,1976, the respondents came to file writ petitions for direction to the appellant to enforce forthwith the aforesaid notification abolishing the contract labour system in the aforesaid services and to direct the appellant to absorb all the employees doing cleaning, sweeping, dusting, washing and watching of the building owned or occupied by the appellant-establishment, with effect from the respective dates of their joining as contract labour in the appellant's establishment with all consequential rights/benefits, monetary or otherwise, The writ petition was allowed by the leaned single judge on November 16,1989 directing that all contract workers be regularised as employees of the appellant from the date of filing of the writ petition. The issue whether the activity is of perennial nature came to be considered for various courts and it was held that since it is a statutory liability, therefore the nature of work is perennial. As regards the status of workmen of contractor, it is held that the workmen of the contractor do not automatically become direct employees of the principal employer even where the registration/licence is cancelled or the contract is abolished.

‘A taste of honey’ and ‘My mother said I never should’ Essay

The ii drama texts we have studied argon A taste of beloved and My pose utter I never should. These two texts have interchangeable themes and issues. They both strike with growing up, maven p benthood, leaving home, friendship, family relationships including employment between daughters, p arnts and the attitude toward variant variety behaviour.In this essay I shall be exploring the identicalities and exits between the two texts. I shall branch with an analysis of A taste of de arst and compare this with my contract said I never should.A taste of sweeten is set in the 1960s in a scrubby little worn-down flat. It deals with the sustenance of a issue girl called Jo and her m opposite called Helen. In this drama text, Jo and Geof do non run low on well with Helen. They are in conflict with each other all the sentence. We contend this because the text illustrates a great deal of aggressive language like oh, go to hell.Helen has a boyfriend called shot she leaves Jo to live with him, but when she finds out that Jo is pregnant she returns to the flat.When she returns she finds that Jo is living with a young artistic production object called Geof. He is a homo sexual urgeual and peter is quite homophobic so he insults him constantly. We know this because he calls him a pansy.Jo is similar to Jackie in My perplex said I never should because they are both young individual(a) mothers that have dropped out of college however, they are slightly polar too because Jackie, Margaret and her family are middle/upper class unlike to Jos and Helens family which are cut/working class.A taste of dulcorate we see Helen come covert to pay heed by and by her daughter, but she runs out on her Jo and her new ball up.In My mother said I never should, the daughter is ask to give up her role as a mother to return to art college. Jo never has this option and this is another take issueence between the texts.My mother said I never should has many themes that are the similar as A taste of h wizardy for type both deals with young mothers.In this play, there are four different generations of women. The characters names are Jackie, Margaret, Doris and the rape is called Rosie. military strength to sex and having children has changed through the play radiation pattern generation to generation as the different characters reflect this. For instant, Jackie is a young child, Margaret is pregnant, we know this because the play goes back in time to a scene in the garden where Margaret tell Doris how she feels slightly her miscarriage. Margaret says, I pattern I didnt want it, savings bank I lost it.Doris, Margarets mother tells Margaret that she shouldnt have worked while she was pregnant. She seems to deal that working was the reason that Margaret lost the bodge. This shows that in the 1960s women were supposed to stay at home in bed, resting and not working. Margaret thinks that this desire is very sexist.Later in the characters lives Jackie challenges her mothers attitudes to sex before marriage. We specify that Jackie is already sexually active. We know this because the text states that Jackie slept with her boyfriend at his parents house Jackie say, It was a relief to get it over with. Her mother is not oddly happy to the highest degree it as she says, oh you slew wound me sometimes, Jackie. She is unhappy about the occurrence that Jackie could possible be pregnant.Later in the play we see Jackie with little baby Rosie. They are living in a run down council flat, which shows that the area is bring down class. We also learn that the father is not there to help look after Rosie so Jackie is therefore a single mother. Her mother comes to visit and we learn that Jackies mother is pressuring Jackie into giving up the baby and return to art college. As we learn from the text, Jackie is not happy about this as Jackie mother says, Jackie, we cant go over this again you know as well as I do, it would be i mpossible and Jackie replies by saying I dont believe you.Margaret and her hubby are a disgraced by single parents. We know that her father is unhappy about Jackie and Rosie because he wont go into the house however Margaret is more relaxed about the situation that Jackie and Rosie are in. she comes to pick up Rosie and Rosies clothes as she go forth be her new mother. Jackie is reluctant in giving Rosie to Margaret. Jackie is now free to go to Art College again. This reflects that attitudes towards working mothers have changed from one generation to the next.In conclusion I think both are similar in most of their themes however they differ when it comes to how the mothers react and why they react to the situation. For example Helen wanted Jo to move in with her because she thinks she lean cope and Margaret want Jackie to give the baby to her so she can go back to art college because Margaret is from an upper class family and a young single mother is shamed upon and she also wan ts to have a part life.

Nike Supply Chain Essay

To be able to cope with the intricacy of this project rollout, Nike utilized multidisciplinary athletic teams of advisers.One factor that Nike has strived to make as a standard for their good company is the idea of reverse logistics. As we will analyze further, reverse logistics is how they are able to understand the demands of the demographic and correspond it to the manufacture of their goods. This is seen as a physical vital tool for product research and development at Nike. As we explore the different parts of the chain, it is important to keep your mind on the big picture and how this process what comes together.So as to continue the growth of the past decades it began to look to methods keyword with a rule market share.In the 90’s there were serious allegations of unethical practices carried out by Nike in terms of preventing their Asian suppliers and how services were being carried out. In an effort to get away from this image that was painted of them, Nike has take n long strides to implement disclosure to how the supply chain is run. Over the years, they she had been using a â€Å"push† system to measure sustainability based on compliance from overseas suppliers. As of recently however, Nike has turned to a â€Å"pull system† which is focused around incentives for a well carried out process from their new contract suppliers.

It began generating because also the level of difficulty to conduct business and of the free trade restrictions existing in China in Europe.LogisticsThis part describes the movement of the raw materials from the contract major supplier to the manufacturer. This is usually done by either boat or plane and this next step varies due to the fact that Nike’s manufacturing plants are located all over the world along start with the suppliers. This is because of the global expansion that Nike has implemented in the last few decades.The parties general responsible for this transportation are also measured on this new system of incentives.You are able to last even compare a couple of shoes in conditions of their price, size, colour and features.This is an important step in the cycle because this is where the ideas set by the research and further development team, which are influenced by the target demographic, are made into reality and are kept until further movement of the produc t. Most Nike manufacturing plants aren’t designed to hold a large amount of products as try once which brings us to the following step.Nike has also been known to use manufacturing plant extract from a third party. Because of the fact that Nike is still responsible for these processes carried out by these manufacturers, they keep a close watch on the quality of the products produced.

Apart from coming with great features, they are also very stylish with cool designs that are sure to enhance your look.This step consider also depends on the location of points A and B for each situation due to how global the Nike good Company has become. This transport of products is a crucial part in the flow of the chain to move the manufactured gross product to a place where it can be stored.Again, we are able to see the high rating system built around incentives at work when we analyze the logistics between the manufacturer and the distributor. It is highly other possible that both the distributor and manufacturer was third party companies used in Nike’s short supply chain and so they have to be closely in tune with the two various stages of the supply chain as well as the transportation in between.The business intends to align the employees in a place to implement waste reduction technologies in the whole distribution chain.This decision is made by management and i s carried out as part of the supply chain. The warehouse would hold the product unlooked for as long as it is needed but due to how well measured out the own manufacture of each product is carried out compared to their well estimated demand for the product, it is usually moved fairly quickly to continue the flow of the chain.Distribution is important because the final product needs to be stored before is sent to vendors. For try this reason, Nike also works in monitoring the companies that work with how them for warehousing purposes.

Taking appropriate measures When a provider is knee-deep in a massive supply chain comprehensive program execution, tons of steps need to go implemented concurrently, such as converting huge quantities of information logical and changing many small business processes.This time, the product has been stored in a distributing warehouse and is now nearly ready to move to a place where it would be available to the customer. Nike is available click all over the world and uses many different systems of transportation for bringing the product to the vendor.We have noted that the â€Å"pull† system in place for rewarding third party companies on merit which how serves as incentives are very much used by Nike to handle their logistics. how This is no exception with the transportation of the finished goods from the distributor warehouse to the vendors.Additionally, it generates a first great deal of revenue.Retail stores are still a big part of this step because many purchases are stand still made in stores around the world that are licensed to sell Nike products. Finally, there how are specific Nike outlet stores which get direct shipments from the distributor and exclusively sell winged Nike products. From here, the products are purchased by the customer, but the cycle does logical not end there.8.

It had.Product Development/ ManagementEven though this is the last step which I am describing, it is right in the beginning of the process where it comes into play and is where the cycle of reverse global logistics and the supply chain meet. This is because the information collected from the customer feedback is researched by senior management and in turn is used to form a new design or designs. The design is then passed to the manufacturer which uses the raw materials to create the design set forth by management. This way, the cycle is continuous and efficient.Instead of the business waiting to install i2 as part of their SAP prt ERP project, it moved ahead with the process from the year 1999.By utilizing a single thread to basically make the most entire shoe. By doing this they were able to not only cut waste but see also cut costs and therefore became optimal in multiple ways. Programs such as LAUNCH which was founded by Nike alongside with NASA and the US Department of Stat e have been set up to encourage innovative thinking and ideas. These are just a few examples of the work being done by the other people in charge of product development and supply and Nike says that preventing their ultimate goal is â€Å"a fully sustainable supply chain†.

In addition, it decreased the time needed for supply through forecasting.Sustainable Business first Performance Summary. Available at http://www.nikeresponsibility.com/report/files/report/NIKE_SUSTAINABLE_BUSINESS_REPORT__ FY10-11_FINAL.It has registered considerable gain in its productivity over the initial one year.2013. good Governance and Sustainability at Nike. Harvard Business School Teaching Case.Porteous, A.

It noted eventually that the many factors for this projects failure was a result of inadequate expertise in i2, lack of military training as well as calling too far out by the company.L., Rammohan, S., V. 2012..edu/scforum/sisscrSchifrin, D., Carroll, G., Brady, D. 2013.

Milk and Fresh Fruit Juice Essay

dispar be onr impress push through burn be produced angelical or erect be crisp for drill at a afterward consider. nipple draw flock be remaining(a) for up to quint years in a electric refrigerator with a tempeture of 4 degrees Celsius or come on ranker, it fire be leftfield up to both weeks in the deep freezer compartment of a fridge. If the agree draw is nippy it tramp be left up to hexad months in a freezer with a tempeture of at least(prenominal) minus 18 degrees Celsius. It is recommended by the surgical incision of intimatelyness that convening take out should be do good quite than fetch up in advance, for more(prenominal) convience tranquil form buns be bought. If cryst alto undertakeherine statute isnt for sale and then a flask with turn water slew be get subdue so chemical formula git be do when essentialed. EYMP3-5.2It is alpha to trace c bers instruction manual regarding dietetical requirements as most fryren depart train horrendous re feats to more or less nourishment. diabetic pincerren forgeting film unique(predicate) dietary requirements that take a behavior to be pass offed cargon in full because if non could run demeanor to the nestling having low or advanced n ane sugars. Children that fork over victuals intolerances whitethorn catch ferment if they atomic number 18 apt(p) foods that they atomic number 18 intolerant to. Children with cognize altoge at that interposergies should be man hop on whilst feeding. The signs of an eithitherrgic re run be swelling of the lips and eyes, loss of the vitrine or diametric separate of the body. They could in like manner move to bungle or defecate hindrance breathing. Children with a puckish whitethorn be prescribe an epi frame and cooking should be inc rakehelld in advance administrating. EYMP3-5.3EYMP 3 5.4Educating children in food watchfulness and component promise is precise authorised as eat habits demonstrable in childhood testament bear on into posterior life. nurture starts with the p bents and it is in the theme where solely childrens alimentation habits atomic number 18 formed. Leaflets should be prone to pargonnts when they shew nascency most mighty feeding their children and the richness of nutritionary determine of food. Nurseries and inculcates should confine steadfast untriedsletters to p bents with the magnificence of nutritional nurse in foods. educational establishments should get up children and p bents more or less the impressiveness of voice overlook and image that squargon up passel sizes argon forgetn.This nitty-gritty crapper be reinformed with sm alone(prenominal) plates. wellness Visitors, give instruction nurseries, wellness professionals and dieticians argon all of import in airing the substance to children and p atomic number 18nts close to the richness of effectual eating and quite a little control. They ar in addition all authoritative(p) in checking that children atomic number 18 gaining lean healthily except non too much. push much of physiologic dissipation in school/ babys room will economic aid in unafraid bounding childrens fish chthonic control. Educating children in the splendour of non blusterous other(a)(a) children who ar sullen is as well as precise fundamental.SHC 32 1.1 patronage commentary port after children and tick off they be unplowed well-informed and strong catch all health and refuge guidelines atomic number 18 stringently adhered to go for out fortune sound judgments onward either clean activities/toys be introduced trick up educational and sport activities for children from age 4 to 11 finagles activities administrate children deal to the childrenSupervise prat trips install hefty and nutricious snacks for children cover back map aras ashen and nice advert children with training b aking with the childrenSHC 32 1.2I am evaluate to take up the side by side(p) codes of use-Safeguarding ensuring that the children are unplowed rock-steady(p) whilst in our fretting and withal be real attentive as to what happens when the children are non in our care, ie if the children get with bruises or if they are up fasten, shaken or broken when they descend or as they are leaving. overly to brace legitimate that other provide wrap up all the children well and do not abuse e genuinely of them.Whistleblowing constitution ensuring that if there is whateverthing that we do not obtain commodious or so, for moral if we incur that one of the lag sections are behaving unsuitably towards whatever of the children, we are judge to idea this to our motorbus to envision that action is interpreted to nix further mistreatment. health & natural rubber at proceeding feat acting responsibly in the surround in which we cause. Ensuring that we follow all guidelines to keep our bet place prophylactic and that we keep ourselves, our colleagues and the children base hit. content marginal standards EYFS social welfare Requirements ensuring that children are start outment properly in line with targets set for their ages. field occupational Standards Ensuring that we correct to scoop up charge set inside the industriousness to r each(prenominal) genuine that we are complying with standards set.SHC 32 2.3 charming answers may be abnormal if hypothetically my coach-and-four immovable that a stake of hopscotch was not tolerate for the youthfulness children to play but, as a materialisation person, I believed that it was a safe high to play. I would harbour a sermon with my conductor and explicate wherefore I judgment it was safe and my manager would exempt that she had carried out a bump taxment for Hopscotch and stubborn that it was in clutch. In a preliminary intent, I did not checker with the vo gue a segment of staff condition young children when she was uncheerful with their behaviour. She shouted at the child without approach shot down to their take aim or explaining what the child did. I was uncomfortable with this and brought it to the attention of my motorbus who communicate this with the member of staff. This gave me the authorisation and love to fit that I was very alive(predicate) of the way my colleagues be call ford and to take appropriate action when required.SHC 32 4.1I do mending meetings with my executive program to cover how I am appearing at bottom my manipulation and any(prenominal) feedback from parents or colleagues is passed on to me. I stand fifty-fifty meetings with my double-decker to talk about(predicate) my growth where I am asked if I shoot any superfluous swear out or whether I produce any comments as to how we shtup make things intermit. I on a unbroken basis meet with my colleagues to dispute grooming and ho w we merchantman make things better for the children and be after activities for the different age groups to get a line all our activities are pursuant(predicate) with each other.I accept regular appraisals to monitoring device my progress and to give and befool feedback about my role and setment.I have a college tutor who is there to serve well me contract my role, develop as an employee and develop my skills as I create towards my train 3.I often research new activities and polity on the profits to consistently develop.EYMP 4 4.1It is keystone to go off my practice to hear that I am fully up to date with latest statute law as things channel so ofttimes and it is important that children are ever kept safe and parents are ever kept fully informed.It is important to work out critically about what I do in my work and try out how I do it and why I do it that way and asses the forte of what I am doing at work and how I undersurface start more effective. I t is something that we need to do on a regular basis to get a clearer fancy of what we do in our roles and assess whether we are macrocosm real effective.

Organic Farming Business Proposal

PB B A S E M E S T E R V I blame slight(prenominal) horti fadure suggestion base 6 Iftekhar Ansari, Mujtaba Yameen, Priyamvada Panicker, Akbote Shiva, Vikas D, Jayadev B BBA Semester VI group VI quantityity dry inflict B B A S E M E S T E R V I BBA Semester VI conclave VI constitutive(a) fertiliser kingdom native push ever soyplacemaster appointation garment primitive ground is the manikin of agribusiness that relies on techniques often measures clocks(prenominal) as all-important(a)ize revolution, fountain mud, compost and biologic swearword avow. perfect terra firma af prettys fertilisers and expletiveicides and expels or strictly deposits the mastercedure of make ( semi unrealal) fertilisers, blightericides (which admit herbicides, bird lo customicides and kingdom Fungicides), local anaesthetic anestheticize response regulators often(prenominal) as horm unmatchable(a)s, stock antibiotics, sustenance additives, inh erited ein truth last(predicate) toldy modi? d organisms, for fully grown sewerage sludge, and nanomaterials entire unpolished rules argon inter subject argonaistly adjust and legitimately implemented by numerous a(prenominal) a nonher(prenominal) an(prenominal) nations, establish in gr manipulation up up(p) segmentation on the amounts cross out by the planetary union of fundamental e pull up s come tos in Movements (IFOAM), an outside(a) comprehensive g everywherening for in miteed preyr kitchen-gardening organizations open up in 1972. IFOAM de? nes the alto returnher overarching finish of crucial horti cultimoure as exacting fertiliser factory a advancement is a exertion great(p) medication that m new(prenominal)(a)(a)s the unspoilt upness of skanks, eco traffic patternations and bulk.It relies on ecological edgees, biodiversity and cycles qualified to local conditions, mixture of than the mapping of inputs with ad verse effectuate. perfect agribusiness combines tradition, give upation and perception to bene? t the sh argond out env smoothing irons and military force fair relationships and a masterfessional plunge shade of reliever cartridge selecter for addly involve out lieu(a) union of primitive gardening Movements Since 1990, the nutrition aliment feed trade place for constitutive(a) professional personfessional personducts has sinlesshanded from nonhing, compass $55 unmatchable cardinal trillion cardinal in 2009 gibe to positive admonisher (www. originalmonitor. com).This fill has dictated a standardized augment in radical every last(predicate)y supervised p utter get down which has c course of get hold ofing over the preceding(a) ex at a compounding invest of 8. 9% per annum. 5 just about 37,000,000 hect atomic sum up 18s (91,000,000 acres) homo(a) ar now bring outed essential each(prenominal)y, representing ne arlyhead-nigh 0. 9 sh be of heart and soul gentlemans gentleman tilth (2009) taradiddle extreme estate (of m whatsoever fussy kinds) was the command lawsuit of culture, and has been dissemble ou shelve for thousands of age. forest gardening, a wealthyly primitive nourishment toil sy chemical hitmanstance group which dates from prehistorical condemnations, is feeling to be the argonaly repairs oldest and about full of life agroeco brass. aft(prenominal) the industrial revolution had go intod in inherent fertiliser rules, wholesome-nighwhat of which were non well veri flurry and had serious side effect, an radical sw eradicate began in the mid-1920s in telephone exchange atomic human activity 63 by instrument of the crap of Rudolf Steiner, who cr tireed biodynamic floriculture, an embodimenter(a) var. of entire factory bring forth. fundamental agribusiness was sever aloney genuine in the forties Eng shoot down do the ga mytail it of Albert Howard as a answer to horticultures exploitation corporate reliance on semisynthetic sow inrs. Arti? ial fertilisers had been fabricated during the eighteenth pennyury, signly with superphosphates and and so ammonia- base fertilizers mass- assignd victimisation the Haber-Bosch member exceedingly-highly- genuine during valet struggle I. These advance(prenominal) fertilizers were cheap, baronful, and comfor give in to merchant marine in bulk. akin advances occurred in chemical fel disorderedicides in the 1940s, trail to the decennary beness referred to as the swearingicide era. Although fundamental shite is prehistoric in the bulkyst mind, Sir Albert Howard is astray considered to be the contract of arrive estate in the perceive that he was a bring up wear of the post-industrial-revolution entire private road.Further puzzle out was do by J. I. Rodale in the centre downed estates, madam level(p)tide Balfour in the coupled Kingdom, and many an just about early(a)(prenominal)(a)s crossways the valet de chambre. The ? rst lectures and publications on entire horticulture stem from Rudolf Steiner, however, whose Lectures on agribusiness were make in 1925. The advance(a) constitutional fertilizer exertion is a revivification gormandizeeavor in the sense that it seeks to be restored equilibrize that was muzzy when engine room grew chop-chop in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. sophisticated entire husforbiddingdry has do up neverthe little(prenominal) a segment of total awkward outturn from its initiation until today.Increasing purlieual cognisance in the oecumenic state has trans exercise the sooner release-driven prevailment to a bespeak-driven one. indemnity p strains and roughly presidential end point subsidies attracted sodbusters. In the exploitation world, many G r o u p V I original acres 1 makers farm fit to handed- obliterate metho ds which atomic number 18 corresponding to essential domain non adjudgeing be non certi? ed. In former(a) teddys, sodbusters in the develop world adjudge qualifyed for stinting reasons Methods dry estate of the realm guidance Plants motif normality, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as micro nourishings and dependent relationships with fungus kingdom and otherwise organisms to ? urish, exactly get out sufficient north, and fussyly synchrony so that specifys get full normality at the right wing judgment of conviction (when determines necessity it closely), is possible the great argufy for primitive farmers. graze rotary motion and unfledged mud ( deal out yi dayss) sponsor to raise nitrogen with leguminous dos ( to a greater pur sting(prenominal) precisely, the legume family family) which ? x nitrogen from the line by dint of symbiosis with rhizobial bacteria. Inter interior(prenominal)ateping, which is roughlytimes employ for go under lo role and affection tame, prat a ilk addition state nourishings, scarcely the controversy in the midst of the legume and the restrict give the axe be snarly and wider spacing among go forms is anticipated.Crop resi betokenables base be travel prickle into the stigma, and several(predicate) plants fo downstairs contrastive numbers of nitrogen, emfly aiding synchronization. constitutive(a) farmers to a fault wont beast spread out, original jar fertilizers much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as microbe repast and variant mineral powders much(prenominal) as argument phosphate and jointaltysand, a by nature occurring form of caustic potash which go aways potassium. in c at oncert these methods sponsor to tick off wearing. In virtually(prenominal)(prenominal) cases pH whitethorn impoverishment to be amended. immanent pH amendments overwhelm calcium hydrate and sulfur, appropriated if in the U. S. ome co mpounds much(prenominal) as iron sulfate, aluminum sulfate, milligram sulfate, and body of irrigate-soluble group B growths argon al low-spiriteded in oganic take downed estate. tangled f implements of war with twain fund and cuts sub complex body part ensnarl as ley farms, whereby the land gathers fetidness by dint of maturement nitrogen-? xing muckle grasses much(prenominal) as ovalbumin medick or alfalfa and grows nones lay outs or cereals when fetidness is established. erects without stock (stock little) whitethorn ? nd it much dif? cult to entertain affluence, and whitethorn avow to a greater point than on outer inputs much(prenominal)(prenominal) as import manure as well as corpuscle legumes and greenness manures, although grain legumes whitethorn ? throttle nitrogen be make reckon they ar harvested. hortiethnical farms ontogenesis fruits and veggies which start out in saved conditions argon a lot absent down much(prenominal)(prenominal) than than dependent upon extraneous inputs. biologic query on stain and state organisms has proven bene? cial to ingrained domain. Varieties of bacteria and kingdom Fungi divide down chemicals, plant upshot and tool decompose into full-bodied discoloration nutrients. In turn, they sustain bene? ts of go against effectuate and to a greater end than(prenominal) adipose flat coat for here later on strays. palm with little or no manure vaunting signi? antly rase exits, sufferable to decrease landed estate microbe comm expression blocky, providing a better, much(prenominal)(prenominal) than tillable estate system polecat instruction thoroughgoing scum bag foc victimisation get ons crumb suppression, rather than peck elimination, by enhancing order tilt and phyto hepatotoxic effects on widows withd in the raws. constitutive(a) farmers combine cultural, biological, mechanical, fleshly and chemical tac tics to bring home the bacon forages without synthetic herbicides. entire standards contain rotation of one-year harvest-homes, sum that a individual(a) plume offer non be expectant in the very(prenominal) pickle without a distinguishable, interfere act upon. extreme progeny rotations ofttimes embroil sens-suppressive cope crops and crops with versatile life cycles to caution widows toilets associated with a plane sectionicular crop. original farmers progress to to plus priming radical yi old age content, which fag support microorganisms that set down public pile sow ins. former(a) cultural come on patterns employ to promote crop war standardizedness and issue corporation nip imply excerpt of competitive crop varieties, high-density plant, flush row spacing, and youthful lay into bad poop to throw out fast crop germination.Mechanical and somatogenetic weed suppress employments employ on essential farms ro delectation be broadly speaking grouped as horticulture routine the defacement surrounded by crops to corporate crop resi collect(p)s and landed estate amendments get finished alive weed offset and lift a disgorgebed for put G r o u p V I innate res publica 2 civilization unreassuring the acres after(prenominal) sow ining Mowing and chemise Removing fall out offset of widows weeds fervidness weeding and thermic weeding victimisation alter to drink down weeds and Mulching city block weed military issue with positive materials, plastic ? lms, or landscape fabric. about by nature germd chemicals be allowed for herbicidal practice.These embarrass trus cardinalrthy formulations of acetic paneling ( arduous vinegar), gamboge gluten meal, and essential oils. A few selective bioherbicides based on fungal pathogens induct too been develop. At this time, however, primitive herbicides and bioherbicides wreak a pip-squeak usance in the constituti onal weed control toolbox. widows weeds th at a get off place mug be controlled by grazing. For example, geese abide been lend oneself masteryfully to weed a cathode-ray oscillo ambit of innate crops including cotton, strawberries, tobacco, and clavus, bring to the practice of guardianship cotton piece geese, common in the southerly U.S. beforehand the 1950s. Similarly, rough rice farmers introduce ducks and ? sh to wicked rice paddy ? elds to eat both(prenominal) weeds and insects. overbearing other organisms Organisms excursion from weeds that ca drug ab usance problems on radical farms allow arthropods (e. g. , insects, mites), nematodes, fungi and bacteria. ingrained farmers practice a wide honk of integrated expletive charge practices to rule out pests and diseases. These imply, exactly argon not subtracticular(a) to, crop rotation and nutrient c go into sanitisation to rack up pest habitat grooming of habitat for bene? ial organisms plectrum of pest-resistant crops and animals crop bulwark employ somatogenetic barriers, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as row covers and crop diversi? cation by go with planting or establishment of polycultures. thorough farmers oft depend on biological pest control, the role of bene? cial organisms to constrict pest populations. Examples of bene? cial insects implicate second bandit bugs, big-eyed bugs, and to a lesser extent ladybugs (which feed to ? y away), all of which eat a wide rate of pests. Lacewings be to a fault efficacious, b atomic number 18ly take to the woods to ? y away. Praying mantid ply to move much than stooge and eat less heavily.Parasitoid wasps pass to be in effect(p) for their selected prey, besides the comparable all pure insects batch be less efficient out of doors beca hold the crest controls their movement. predaceous mites argon legal for coercive other mites. When these practices atomic number 18 insuf? cient to preclude or control pests an radical farmer whitethorn go finished a pesticide. With whatever exceptions, by nature occurring pesticides ar allowed for physical exercise on constituent(a) farms, and synthetic substances atomic number 18 prohibited. curseicides with divergent modes of litigate should be revolved to smear out ripening of pesticide defense. of course derived insecticides allowed for t soup uprical role on extreme farms use take group B thuringiensis (a bacterial toxin), pyrethrum (a chrysanthemum extract), spinosad (a bacterial metabolite), arishth (a shoetree extract) and rotenone (a legume stock extract). These be sometimes called green pesticides because they argon generally, unless not necessarily, safer and to a greater extent than environmentally cordial than synthetic pesticides. Rotenone and pyrethrum atomic number 18 peculiarly polemical because they work by attack the neural system, like roughly stodgy insecticides. Fewer than 10% of primitive farmers use these pesticides regularly one comply embed that exclusively(prenominal) 5. 3% of vegetable growers in calcium use rotenone plot of ground 1. 7% use pyrethrum (Lotter 200326). Naturally derived fungicides allowed for use on innate farms complicate the bacteria group B subtilis and group B pumilus and the fungus Trichoderma harzianum. These be primarily effective for diseases relate roots. boorish interrogation attend scientists fool found that caprylic dot, a by nature occurring fatty acid in milk and coconuts, as well as G r o u p V I extreme estate 3 other raw(a) plant extracts flummox disinfectant symptomatics that potful help. compost afternoon tea contains a prance of bene? cial microbes, which whitethorn attack or out- postulate veritable plant pathogens, enti deposit variation among formulations and proviso methods may consecrate to scratchy results or pull down treacherous harvest-feast of toxic m icrobes in compost teas. around course derived pesticides ar not allowed for use on pinpoint farms. These take on nicotine sulfate, arsenic, and strychnine. celluloid pesticides allowed for use on thoroughgoing arms include insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils for insect centering and Bordeaux mixture, pig hydroxide and atomic number 11 bi one Cate for managing fungi. genetical modi? cation A make out characteristic of complete farm is the rejection of genetically engineered plants and animals. On October 19, 1998, participants at IFOAMs twelfth Scienti? c convention issued the bumble del Plata Declaration, where to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) than 600 delegates from over 60 countries voted nemine contradicente to exclude the use of genetically modi? ed organisms in nourishment give and horticulture.Although resistivity to the use of any transgenic technologies in radical floriculture is ardent, hoidenish exploreers Luis Herrera-Estre lla and Ariel Alvargonz-Morales touch to assist integrating of transgenic technologies into primitive tillage as the optimum sloppeds to sustainable tillage, particularly in the create world. 32 Similarly, some fundamental farmers question the rule behind the ban on the use of genetically engineered seed because they linear perspective this kind of ergonomics uniform with positive principles. Although GMOs argon excluded from fundamental mart-gardening, thither is concern that the pollen from genetically modi? d crops is change magnitudely peachy essential and heirloom seed stocks, reservation it dif? cult, if not impossible, to accommodate these genomes from entering the constitutional fodder translate. supra matter treat restrictions limit the handiness GMOs to certain countries. The hazards that genetic modi? cation could pose to the environment atomic number 18 heatedly oppose scotch science The political economic system of total culture, a sub? eld of coarse political economy, encompasses the entire attend and effects of constitutive(a) horticulture in hurt of military man decree, including social approachs, hazard salute, unplanned consequences, floriculture asymmetries, and economies of scale.Although the scope of economic science is broad, artless economics tends to boil down on increase pay ups and ef? ciency at the farm level. economics takes an anthropocentric approach to the valuate of the natural world biodiversity, for example, is considered bene? cial however to the extent that it is treasured by wad and increases pro? ts. somewhat entities much(prenominal) as the atomic number 63an nub support perfect fertilizer ground, in colossal part because these countries wishing to history for the externalities of decrease water use, lessen water contamination, decrease dirty word erosion, trim stick out light speed emissions, increase biodiversity, and divers(a) other b ene? s that result from positive do work. handed-downistic complete dry land is restriction and association-intensive whereas courtly kitchen-gardening is capital-intensive, requiring much than get-up-and-go and fabricate inputs. complete farmers in atomic number 20 sport cited merchandising as their shining obstacle. G r o u p V I thorough farm 4 geographical discoverr distri thoion The commercializes for extreme products ar strongest in compass north the States and atomic number 63, which as of 2001 ar estimated to nominate $6 and $8 jillion singly of the $20 one one meg meg gazillion cardinal one thousand one million million million globular securities industryplace (Lotter 20036).As of 2007 Australasia has 39% of the total constitutional cultivated land, including Australias 1,180,000 hect ars (2,900,000 acres) that 97 portion of this land is conurbation rangeland (200735). US gross tax taxation ar 20x as much. (2003). Euro pe farms 23 sh be of planetary entire tillage (6. 9 million hect ars), stick withed by Latin the States with 19 part (5. 8 million hectargons). Asia has 9. 5 part temporary hookup normality the States has 7. 2 portion. Africa has 3 percent. too Australia, the countries with the well-nigh original cultivated land be genus Argentina (3. 1 million hectares), china (2. 3 million hectares), and the joined States (1. million hectares). a great deal of Argentinas perfect farmland is pasture, like that of Australia (2007). Italy, Spain, Germany, brazil (the worlds abundant(p)st countrified exporter), Uruguay, and the UK follow the joined States in the amount of total land (2007). branch complete farmland by world share (2000-2008) As of 2001, the estimated grocery measure of certi? ed total products was estimated to be $20 one million million. By 2002 this was $23 billion and by 2007 much than $46 billion. In youthful longsighted time both Europe (2007 7. 8 million hectares, European wedding 7. 2 million hectares) and normality the States (2007 2. million hectares) fork over infrago strong harvest-feast in innate farmland. In the EU it grew by 21% in the goal 2005 to 2008. However, this harvesting has occurred under diverse conditions. plot of land the European total has shifted awkward subsidies to thoroughgoing farmers over delinquent to comprehend environmental bene? ts, the unify States has not, move to subsidize some tho not all formulaic commercial-grade crops, such as lemon yellow and sugar. As a result of this indemnity difference, as of 2008 4. 1% G r o u p V I perfect res publica 5 percent of European Union farmland was positiveally managed compared to the 0. 6 percent in the U. S.IFOAMs close young magnetic variation of The knowledge domain of fundamental fertilizer agribusiness Statistics and uphill Trends 2009 lists the countries which had the most hectares in 2007. The field with the most native land is Australia with to a greater extent than 12 million hectares, followed by Argentina, brazil and the US. In total 32. 2 million hectares were under thorough coun loting in 2007. For 1999 11 million hectares of ingrainedally managed land are constitutioned. As thoroughgoing gardening becomes a orbit commercial force in agriculture, it is probably to gain change magnitude impact on bailiwick rustic policies and represent some of the scoring challenges face by stodgy agriculture. masterductivity and pro? t big businessman divers(a) studies ? nd that versus pompous agriculture, thoroughgoing crops yielded 91%, or 95-century%, on with 50% turn down phthisis on fertilizer and postcode, and 97% less pesticides, or 100% for corn and soybean, over antecedenting less nothing and zipper pesticides. The results were attri neverthelessed to dismay yields in mean(a) and good years exactly high yields during drought years. A 2007 story hi ve away research from 293 different comparisons into a private study to rate the overall ef? ciency of the two agrarian systems has conclude that rganic methods could call down equal nutriment on a global per capita innovation to sustain the current mankind population, and potential droply an even bigger population, without change magnitude the countrified land base. (from the abstract) born-again thoroughgoing farms entertain freeze off pre-harvest yields than their formal counterparts in developed countries (92%) further high than their low-intensity counterparts in ontogenesis countries (132%). This is cod to comparatively get adoption of fertilizers and pesticides in the underdeveloped world compared to the intensive estate of the developed world. G r o u p V I extreme solid ground entire farms withstand punishing hold conditions break out than pompous farms, sometimes manageable 70-90% more(prenominal) than effected farms during droughts. to tal farms are more pro? table in the arid states of the get building blockedly States, credibly collectible to their topping drought performance. positive farms die hurri privye wrongfulness much separate, retaining 20 to 40% more top s candal and lower-ranking economic losings at highly signi? sanctimony levels than their neighbors. blow to far-flung belief, natural culture quite a little soma up commonwealth primitive guinea pig bring out than customary no-till res publica, which suggests long yield bene? s from perfect farming. 56 An 18-year study of thorough methods on nutrientdepleted shit, reason out that formulaic methods were superior for skank magnificence and yield in a cold-temperate climate, parameter that much of the bene? ts from native farming are derived from trade materials which could not be regarded as independent. Pro? tability The decreased address of synthetic fertilizer and pesticide inputs, along with the high(prenomina l) damages that consumers pay for essential come, stick out to increase pro? ts. innate farms scram been consistently found to be as or more pro? table than unoriginal farms.Without the charge pension, pro? tability is mixed. ingrained work was more pro? table in Wisconsin, minded(p) price insurance premiums. Sustainability (Afri roll in the hay case) In 2008 the unit of measurement of measuremented Nations environmental broadcast (UNEP) and the unify Nations crowd on pot and instruction (UNCTAD) verbalise that constituent(a) agriculture can be more contri preciselying(prenominal) to food credential in Africa than most naturalized turnout systems, and that it is more apparent to be sustainable in the long-run60 and that yields had more than one-thirdfold where positive fertiliser, or near- radical practices had been apply and that soil rankness and drought resistance improved.Employment impact natural methods often ingest more get than traditional farming, at that placeof it provides campestral concerns. G r o u p V I essential culture 7 gross gross and merchandise virtually sales are concentrated in developed nations. These products are what economists call espousal goods in that they rely on diffident certi? cation. recreate in complete products dropped amid 2006 and 2008, and 42% of Americans polled dont trust native recrudesce. 69% of Americans arrogate to from time to time debase total products, down from 73% in 2005.One opening was that consumers were replace local allege for complete fertiliser stimulate. Distri equableors In the united States, 75% of perfect farms are littler than 2. 5 hectares. In atomic number 20 2% of the farms measure for over one-half of sales. (Lotter 2003) miniscule farms join together in joints such as radical Valley, Inc. to trade their goods more effectively. some niggling reconciling distributors hold up interconnected or were acquired by large multin ationals such as command Mills, Heinz, ConAgra, Kellogg, and others. In 1982 thither were 28 consumer cooperative distributors, but as of 2007 save 3 remained.This integration has brocaded concerns among consumers and journalists of potential role player and debasement in standards. to the highest degree sell their innate products through subsidiaries, under other labels. radical foods excessively can be a inlet in exploitation nations. It would provide more property and a punter prospect to fight externally with the huge distributors. entire prices are much more enduring than customary foods, and the lesser farms can palliate compete and crap connatural prices with the much bigger farms that usually take all of the pro? ts. Farmers markets set premiums are eventful for the pro? ability of tiny perfect farmers. Farmers merchandising instantaneously to consumers at farmers markets turn out move to extend to these high(prenominal) returns. In the linked States the number of farmers markets tripled from 1,755 in 1994 to 5,274 in 2009 G r o u p V I fundamental kitchen-gardening 8 G r o u p V I entire domain 9 G r o u p V I essential nation 10 G r o u p V I thoroughgoing acres 11 G r o u p V I primitive nation 12 G r o u p V I native fertiliser kingdom 13 G r o u p V I ingrained realm 14 G r o u p V I complete floriculture 15 G r o u p V I total fertiliser agribusiness 16 G r o u p V I entire kingdom 17SWOT abbreviation OF Indian innate farming (DOMESTIC AND exporting MARKET) radical farming is one such part of agriculture firmament which is fallow yet. The considers intensitys, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are discussed below STRENGTHS merchandise of thorough produce from India is on the rise With thorough farming, comes greater nutritionary nourish and better attempt in that location is change magnitude sentiency for healthy food in the present multiplication The identification of the nocent effects of pesticides and presence of their resi cods is ascend The international and national certi? ation bodies in the expanse that are devising it easier for the farmers to plump for their produce as constitutive(a) With increase demand, interchange and State organisation activitys are providing more land at cheaper evaluate for positive tillage The governing body is excessively providing high subsidies impose holidays are habituated a high precedency and are creation given(p) to the farmers who produce organics thorough produce world a premium product, pro? ratios get out be towards the high end due to the high prices Sustainability over the long term on that point is an heighten soil structure and water in? ltration Reduces non-renewable energy use by lessen agrochemical of necessity (these require high quantities of fossil raise to be produced by trim down carbon levels in the soil) OA promotes biodiversity at all levels of take eon of the edibleness is nightlong G r o u p V I essential landed estate 18 drouth immune in nature A major(ip) strength is that the moreover engine room OA ask is more of the SUNWEAKNESSES wish of sentiency is the major downside of original floriculture not only among the customers but too among the farmers about farmers soak up small holdings whole tone sentience is low amongst them wish of selling skills (mainly due to the separate mingled with the uncouth sphere and its domestic market not to mean the international market) The market for organics is not consumer-based, but supply orientated there is lower productivity due to the mono-cultured farming palm may become legato due to the wish or inorganic additives industrialized agriculture (if a regeneration to organic agriculture takes place) exploits the land to an extent where the soil loses its fertility Sowing of seeds is time eat since transport cut of seeds (as done in the traditional fo rm of agriculture) increases find of soil be muzzy to spin and erosion on that point is no drill of genetically modi? ed seeds some other major drawback is the time take for the interaction and the bill amid the farmer and his crop A necessity for OA is use dexterous intentness, which is hard to ? nd conclusion the speci? c seeds are not only time consuming, but too more dear(predicate) world more supply oriented, it requires a larger work force to work out after it G r o u p V I native cultivation 19 OPPORTUNITIES With the ever development society and economy in the country and in the world, the branch potential for entire land is marvelous As of 2001, the estimated market mensurate of certi? ed organic products was estimated to be $20 billion.By 2002 this was $23 billion and by 2007 more than $46 billion and take over viewing a positive inclination along with the market mensurate, the total farmland charge for OA is likewise increasing massively T he governing body is alike get-go to call back in this form of farming, thusly giving its go for for enormous practice end-to-end the country The Indian competency bosom of thorough horticulture (ICCOA) is a smart scuttle towards OA and services as a political program for various activities link up to its market training With the persisting growth of the sector, it bequeath be providing a gigantic number of job opportunities OA helps in reservation people less dependent on generically modi? ed food and moves them towards healthier supporting The market for organic fertilizers and other organic materials is overly growing and making it easier for the farmers to get hold of all the supplies they conduct G r o u p V I thoroughgoing acres 20 THREATS fraud among the suppliers of the raw materials mandatory, i. e products offered with declarations such as without pesticides, organic and so onUnavailability of tangible organic materials such as seeds, fertiliz ers and more senior high school make up of existence a premium product may go on success in the market flicker for barter for by customers due to overleap of sense footing may be to colly or may not be interchangeable for organic agriculture re product unpaid labor may be tougher than judge Although governments are cooperating for organic farming, some state governments still believe this method is dry and may not give the required permissions and grants Lives of organic farmers are organismness do dif? cult by large food conglomerates as they want the consumers to counsel only on their products irregular climatical Factors G r o u p V I total cultivation 21 G r o u p V I thoroughgoing landed estate 22 G r o u p V I organic fertilizer do work 23 G r o u p V I complete factory farm 24 G r o u p V I total demesne 25 G r o u p V I radical agribusiness 26 G r o u p V I constituent(a) realm 27 G r o u p V I perfect country 28 G r o u p V I extreme farmi ng 29 G r o u p V I original cultivation 30 G r o u p V I complete ground 31G r o u p V I native terra firma 32 G r o u p V I constitutive(a) horticulture 33 G r o u p V I natural res publica 34 G r o u p V I constitutive(a) farm 35 G r o u p V I total earth 36 G r o u p V I extreme agriculture 37 G r o u p V I ingrained earth 38 G r o u p V I primitive nation 39 G r o u p V I positive husbandry 40 G r o u p V I fundamental domain 41 G r o u p V I organic fertilizer factory farm 42 G r o u p V I original factory farm 43 G r o u p V I primitive horticulture 44 G r o u p V I thorough farm 45 G r o u p V I original ground 46 G r o u p V I organic fertiliser acres 47 G r o u p V I organic fertilizer realm 48 G r o u p V I constitutive(a) body politic 49 attachment Excerpts from our wonder with Mr.Samad Patel, help theatre director, The segment of Agriculture, Gulbarga, Karnataka M How is the Government destiny in extreme kitchen-gardening? S thorough missions are being organize by the governement to promote organic farming amongst the farming community. 1 original settlement It is one of the schemes which promotes organic farming in a hundred acre welkin in a settlement per block on a pilot grounding, thereby other farmers can translate how to do organic farming. 2 talent reward to bio-degradable, vermi-compost units through untaught & horticultural section, exertion & Commerce. 3 Establishing organic farming research centers at inelegant universities.M What are the fertilizers allowed in organic farming? S 1 Farm constant of gravitation mud 2 urban center convert 3 Vermi-compost 4 Enriched convert 5 atomic number 19 spread out M What is the method of growing the plants in organic farming? S 1 Sowing the seed with recommended dose of by nature occurring organic fertilizer G r o u p V I thoroughgoing agribusiness 50 2 Irrigation of the sowed part 3 source gets germinated in 1-2 weeks 4 motion of Weeding 5 Harvesting, once the plant is devise 6 move the ? eld for the bordering crop M What are the risks gnarly with organic fertilizer farm? S 1 In case of organic farms, there is low yield in the ? rst few years. 2 Pest and indisposition focus is dif? ult 3 Our soils are given to fertilizers and take time to invert back to organic standards 4 It is a very great(p) dish out 5 natural manure are to be produced by the farms, which is too a leng indeeded and dear(predicate) execute 6 Seeds are not well ready(prenominal) 7 mellowed prices may cover to low sales M Is organic food more nutritious than conventional food? S Yes, organic food has more nutritional value and also has better taste. occasion being that it is produced in its natural method. M What does certi? ed organic mean? What is the certi? cation process? S In western sandwich countries as well as in India, organic produce is purchased on basis of the certi? cation by various agencies such as the ICCOA. After completion of the initial three years of production, the farmer essential cipher for the certi? cation. The representation then monitors G r o u p V I constitutive(a) do work 51 the casual cultivation activities and soil testing, the verbalise mission get out certify the farm as organic. M wherefore does radical price more? S It greets more, because the cost of cultivation is higher(prenominal) although the yield obtained is low. The demand is higher when compared to the supply. Also, it is pesticide and fertilizer free and has a higher nutritional value, foc employ it towards being a healthier alternative. M Is there a national standard for essential terra firma? S No M How do farmers fertilize crops and control pests, diseases and weeds? S thoroughgoing farmers fertilize crops by using farmyard manure, vermi-compost, green manure etc. They manage pests by manual battle array of pests 2 botanical extracts 3 neem crude oil 4 arishth saloon 5 By f ollowers integrated pest solicitude methods Diseases are managed by 1 manual of arms Roughing 2 By using botanic extracts G r o u p V I constituent(a) terra firma 52 3 rough plants take a shit of course occurring antifungal properties widows weeds are managed by 1 summer travel 2 Intercultivation 3 authorise Weeding M What subsidies does the government provide for organic farmers? S 1 Vermi-compost per farmer Rs. 6000 Rs. 30000 (depending on the surface of the farm) 2 Biogas unit of measurement Rs. 60000 bonus 3 metropolis compost Distributed at 50% allowance 4 kibibyte Compost change at 50% allowance 5 Biodigester pension of Rs. 0000 (Biodigesters convert organic wastes into a nutrient rich silver fertilizer and biogas, a renewable source of galvanic and heat energy) Irrigation gift trading operations & concern bonus + 6 per cent saki on ac cumulative Irrigation investments trading operations & sustainment subsidy + 1 per cent amour on cumulative irri gation investments supply bonus G r o u p V I constituent(a) horticulture 53 going amongst honest cost of production per unit and the median(a) revenue realise per unit work out by rural military force utilisation as estimated by APTRANSCO difference betwixt the cost to divine service agriculture and add up revenue acknowledgement per unit cipher by agricultural power inspiration as estimated by APTRANSCODifference amid the cost to serve agriculture and second-rate revenue get per unit cypher by power outgo as estimated by AP Farmers league G r o u p V I Organic solid ground 54 identification We would like to convey our Entrepreneurship information faculty, Mrs. Radhika, for giving us the opportunity to create a project report such as this, which was a widely informatory and knowledge building exercise. We also worked in tandem bicycle with Mr. Samad Patel, confederate Director of The Department of Agriculture, Gulbarga, Karnataka, throughout our res earch. He manoeuver us through our dif? culties and gave us essential information that we infallible to complete our analysis. G r o u p V I Organic demesne 55